Study On The Anti-secession Struggle In The Ideological Field Of Xinjiang

National secessionism is not only a set of theoretical systems of thought about division,but also a political movement aimed at splitting out of the country of origin to establish a state independently or merge with other countries.National secessionism is the greatest endogenous threat faced by the national unification of the multi-ethnic state,which not only endangers the national sovereignty and territorial integrity,but also undermines the national identity.The field of ideology is one of the main battlefields of the anti-secession struggle.The ideology of national secessionism is a set of ideological system that endangers national identity and separates the state,providing rational proof of national secessionism,maintaining the existence of national secessionism,and promoting the national secessionism into active period under certain historical conditions.The main harm of the ideology of national secessionism lies in the destruction of the national identity constituted by cultural identity,mainstream ideology and political identity.The means of the harm include: the creation of cultural alienation to destruct of cultural identity;the elimination of mainstream ideology and political identity to manufacture national identity crisis and the social mobilization required for instigation.Therefore,the core of the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field is to solve the problem of national identity which belongs to the category of social consciousness,determined by social existence.To build or strengthen national identity,we need to adopt comprehensive policy by proceeding from the aspects of social existence and social consciousness and focusing on cultural identity,mainstream ideology and political identity.As China's northwest barrier,Xinjiang has an extremely important strategic position.National secessionism is currently the greatest real threat of Xinjiang's stability.The anti-secession struggle in Xinjiang is not only closely related to the overall situation of the whole party and the whole country,but also can decide the achievement of the Two Hundred Years Goal.The field of ideology has always been the key to the anti-secession struggle in Xinjiang,which has a bearing on the success of the overall anti-secession struggle.Originated in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century,Xinjiang national secessionism is the result of the combined effect of factors such as national identity crisis in modern Xinjiang and international forces intervention.In the ideological perspective,the national secessionism in Xinjiang has experienced three stages.The first stage before the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang is when the formation and the development of the ideology of national secessionism in Xinjiang.Then during the second stage from the peaceful liberation until the reform and opening up of Xinjiang,it had suffered a period of downturn.However,during the third stage since the reform and opening up,it began to recover and even spread around Xinjiang.Before the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang,the Double-Pans thought and the imaginary country East Turkestan had constituted the original theoretical source the ideology of national secessionism in Xinjiang.In this period,the national view of Pan-Turkism,the religious view of Pan-Islamist,the state outlook of the East Turkestan Independence Theory,the cultural view of Common Turkic Culture,the East Turkistan Revolution Theory and others had constituted the main content of the ideology of national secessionism in Xinjiang.Driven by the so-called split elites like Muhammad Amin Bughra and international forces such as the Soviet Union,the ideology of national secessionism had rapidly spread in Xinjiang,manufacturing culture alienation and national identity crisis,instigating the social mobilization required to further damage the very fragile national identity in Xinjiang.During this period,the government of the Republic of China,concentrating on the building of national identity,had carried out corresponding anti-secession struggle in the field of Xinjiang?s ideology,which ended in failure because of the social and historical conditions at that time and mistakes made by the government of the Republic of China in its governing ideas and policies.The intensified domestic social conflicts,international forces intervention and other factors then had eventually given birth to two split regimes the East Turkestan Islamic Republic and the East Turkestan Republic.After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang,with the establishment of the basic political and economic system of socialism and the leading position of Marxist mainstream ideology in Xinjiang,and the conduction of the national and religious policies in line with the Marxist theory of national religion and national conditions,the new China had changed the poverty and backwardness of Xinjiang,improved the living standards of all ethnic groups there,and in the end achieved the accomplishment of the national identity in the Xinjiang region.During this period,all ethnic groups in Xinjiang had unprecedentedly support the Chinese Communist Party and the new China.Therefore,the ideology of national secessionism in Xinjiang during that time was in a doldrums,the content of which had no new development,the transmission had also changed into the secret mode,and the scope of transmission was limited too.Ethnic separatist activities had correspondingly sank into a low tide,most of whom were the remnants of pre-liberation separatist activities.Since the reform and opening up,the third wave of nationalism,the infiltration of the Islamic revival movement,along with the intervention of international forces such as the United States and foreign separatist organizations,had activated the hidden ideology of national secessionism in Xinjiang,leading to the recovery of the national secessionism in Xinjiang.In this period,on the basis of Double-Pans trend of thought,taking the extreme nationalism,the religious extremism and the terrorism as main theoretical sources,the ideology of national secessionism in Xinjiang had strengthen its ability of own interpretation,against the mainstream of Marxist ideology and adapting to all sectors of the nation.The field of religion,education and culture are still the main dissemination areas of the ideology of national secessionism.The separatist organizations such as Hizb ut-Tahrir and Hi-Jirat and the internet had become important forms of ideological communication.In addition,the United States and other international forces,the separatist organization abroad,the so-called domestic split elites,including religious people,intellectuals and grassroots elites during this period,had become the main spreading bodies of the ideology of national secessionism.The transmission?s object of them had covered all sectors of the Uygur,in which young people,intellectuals and party cadres had become key objects.The ideology of national secessionism in Xinjiang spreading with intensified vigor had seriously damaged the established national identity,even promoted national separatist activities.Worst of all,the violent activities had entered the intensive high active period.Thus,ideology is one of the root causes of the national secessionism in Xinjiang since the reform and opening up.So the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field in the current is of decisive significance.The four generations of leading collectives,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin,Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping,has all attached great importance to the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field of Xinjiang.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China,pointed out in the second symposium on the work of Xinjiang that the strengthen of the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field of Xinjiang has a decisive role in gaining the support of people and enhancing the long-term stability of foundation.The Central Committee and the Xinjiang Provincial Party Committee Government have carried out a series of anti-separatist struggles in the field of religion,education and culture in order to restore and strengthen the damaged national identity,which have achieved some success,but have neither completely changed the current overflowing situation of the ideology of secessionism,nor fully recover the damaged national identity.There are six objective reasons that affect the effectiveness of the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field.First,the United States takes the Xinjiang issue as an important part of the strategic layout of China's rise.Under the guise of human rights,religion and nation,it intervenes in Xinjiang's ethnic separatist activities,resulting in the further spread of extreme nationalism in Xinjiang and the undermining of national identity in Xinjiang region.Second,the emergence of the Islamic State(IS)has greatly stimulated the religious extremists in the separatist forces of Xinjiang.The increasing number of natives from Xinjiang entering the IS has also promoted the religious atmosphere in Xinjiang,leading to the further spread of religious extremism and terrorism in Xinjiang,which also undermines the national identity in Xinjiang region.Third,after the 9/11 incident in the United States,under the background of the international joint anti-terrorism,the East Turkistan Islamic Movement,being hit badly,has changed its tactics of sending personnel to organize terrorist activities into organizing specialists to spread violent audios and videos to the territory through the network to incite holy war and pass on the way of violent activities,leading to the further spread of religious extremism and terrorism in Xinjiang and the destruction of national identity in Xinjiang.Four,the 7/5 incident in Urumqi destroyed the ethnic relations in Xinjiang,resulting a certain national gap between the Uygur nationality and the Han nationality.What?s more,the maintaining of negative impact of the 7/5 incident,coupled with the violent and terrorist activities happening with increasing frequency since 2013,hindered the cultural exchanges and social interactions between the Uygur nationality and the Han nationality,which badly affected the national identity of Xinjiang people.Five,the unbalanced development of regional economy imbalance under market economy easily lead to the vulnerable group a sense of relative deprivation and dissatisfaction with the government,which also exists in the Uygur community.Six,the ideological issue of ethnic secessionism in Xinjiang is not about national religious issues,but it?s closely intertwined with the national sentiment,national consciousness,religious beliefs,customs and other issues,which is very complex and sensitive.There are three subjective reasons that affect the effectiveness of the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field in Xinjiang.First,although the central government has clearly pointed out that the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field is decisive in the overall situation of Xinjiang's anti-secession struggle,it still needs a deepening process to implement this in the practice.Second,the mainstream leadership of Marxist ideology in Xinjiang needs to be further strengthened.Three,in order to deal with the anti-secession struggle in the ideological field,China's regional national autonomy system,religious policy,national policy and the Xinjiang?s ruling by law policy should also be further adjusted and improved at the operational level.With the experience of the anti-secession struggle in the past century,the current ideological struggle in Xinjiang must follow the following basic ideas.First,we should maintain a strong and stable central government.Then,we should adhere to and improve the basic system of socialism.Besides,we should focus on the recovery and the reinforcement of national identity.At last,we should adopt comprehensive policy based on national identity,especially cultural identity,mainstream ideology and political identity.The concrete measures include: giving full play to the core role of Marxist mainstream ideology in strengthening national identity to build up the ideological basis of national identity;promoting diversified cultural policies,enriching and promoting Chinese culture and strengthening the endogenous polymerization of the Chinese nation to make a firm national and cultural base for national identity;managing the religion according to law,carrying out the work of Rejecting Extremism,and realizing the localization of Islam to properly handle the relationship between religion and national identity;adhering to the rule of law,and using the rule of law to strengthen national identity;deepening the reform and opening up,and making sure that all ethnic groups in Xinjiang can share the benefits of reform and opening up,so that it can build up the economic basis of national identity;adhering to and improving the national regional autonomy system,and achieving the modernization of Xinjiang grassroots governance system to build a political basis for national identity.