| Ideal and faith is the sustainment of a person, like the calcium to a bone. Our Party has always laid emphasis on the ideal education for young undergraduate, put this idea "what kind of person should we cultivate and how to do this" in an important position, strengthen the leadership and equip the young generation with faithful political belief and modern specialized knowledge, because it is the significant foundation of a strong nation. Practice of ideological and political education in institution of higher learning cries for systematic and deep research on ideal education which is also necessary to the discipline construction of the Marx doctrine theory.In different period, the ideal education in institution of higher learning has different goals contents and features. This paper, from the historical perspective, summarized and sorted the basic road, basic experience and the development track of it. In chronological order, it can be divided into six periods:period of laying foundation, period of tortuous development, period of severe frustration, bring order out of chaos and new development period, rapid development period and stable development period. Meanwhile, based on the observation and study of ideal education in domestic university, including historical background, main contents, elementary path, fundamental feature and basic experience, this paper tries to reveal its inherent laws and development trend. Guided by the inherent necessity of historical evolution process, this paper realized the unification between the theoretical logic of ideal education and the practical logic of historical development in ideal education of domestic universities.The first period started from 1949 the establishing of the P.R.C. to 1956 socialist transformation basically completed. The primary task we faced with is to firm new government, restore national economy and all the tasks in construction and steady social order. In that historical background, combined with national construction needs, we pushed forward ideal education of institution of higher learning by carrying out political study campaign around the nation and strengthen socialism propaganda work. The main content of ideal education is the education of socialism cultivate young students with firm political stand and set up Marxist view on life and cultivate social ethics matching the advance of civilization. The educational manner includes gradually improving the curriculum system of ideological and theoretical, constructing and improving the political working system in high institution. Prompt ideal education in institution of higher learning through nationwide political learning and the propaganda work of the Party.The tortuous development period. From 1956 to 1966 our country began to build the socialist society in an all-round way. Though socialist transformation had made some progress, leftism was widespread in our party and the main focus of the Party work hadn’t totally shifted to economic construction which influenced ideal education in high institution. During this period, enforcing socialist political education and proletariat ideological education to young undergraduates became the main content of ideal education which also contained endowing them with communist moral characteristics and revolutionary will, hopping them to be a person both loyal and professional. We achieve steady improvements both in the construction of curriculum system of ideological and theoretical and political working system in high institution. So did the education and transformation of intellectuals. They guaranteed the realization of ideal education goals. We give prominence to the role of advanced model, productive labor and social movements in ideal education.Period of severe frustration.1966 to 1976 is the period of Culture Revolution. "Leftism" became the prominent thought in the central government and class struggle became the key line. This thought and work style totally deviated from the practice of socialist construction. It brought serious damage to educational cause and national traditional culture. Ideal education in high institution took a wrong path, serving for enlargement and absoluteness of class struggle. It mainly focused on strengthening class struggle and "two-line struggle" education, carrying out such education form: politic in command and moral education first. Educational manner divorces from reality with compulsory preach and brief inculcation based on class struggle, production struggle and science experiment.Bring order out of chaos and new development period.1976 to 1992 saw the construction of socialist society with Chinese characteristic. In this period, the content of ideal education in high institution was vivid and its form was various. Generally, it can be divided into two parts, bring order out of chaos and steady development. It is a period that ideal education in high institution began to get back to the right track which leads to its development. With distant characteristics of era, its main content included teaching young undergraduates reform and opening up policy, firming their Marx ideal and belief, opposing bourgeois liberalization and establishing the thought-serving the people heart and soul hoping them to become the new generation with lofty ideals, moral integrity, good education and a strong sense of discipline.Educational form was also various, containing the further construction and development of the course of ideological and political education, steady improvement of political work system and rank in high institution, productive labor and social practice becoming more mature and bring the advantages of national defense, sports, health and arts education into full use. Because during this period priority to economic development outweighed moral education. Although we achieved a lot, we made serious mistakes.Rapid development period, which started from 1992 to 2002 experienced the reform and opening up and modernization. The great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristic which concentrated on building socialist market economy had made great progress. The main content of ideal education in this period was formed by the following parts, enhancing the education of common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristic, deepening education of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, as well as, strengthening socialist morality education which based on patriotism, in order to help undergraduates to develop good moral and behavior habits and good mentality. New development opportunities also brought serious challenges to ideal education in high institution. Under the guideline of Jiang Zemin’s documents such as "Talks about Education", "Outline of Chinese Education’s Reform and Development", "Outline for Carrying out Citizen Moral Cultivation", "The average Chinese outline of moral education of institutions of higher learning", "The Implementation Outline of Patriotism Education", "Several Important Issues about Strengthening the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization Resolution", "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee on Further Strengthening and Improving School Moral Work" and "The Decision of CPC Central Committee and the State Council about Deepening Educational Reform and Implementing Education Based on Quality", high education, as an important part of spiritual civilization, took the road based on connotation development. Ideal education also gave priority to quality development and connotation promotion. We should make comprehensive use of education, management and public voice, at the same time, focus on the construction of internet culture. Ideal education could get its promotion through the construction of spiritual civilization of whole society and educational legal system. Finally, ideal education will penetrate in the whole nation and permeate in the process of social development.Steady development period, our country had entered into the new century since 2002 to 2009. During this period, we have made some progress in the construction and development of socialism. Leaded by the Party, people of all nationalities tried their best build up a harmonious socialist society, to promote the construction of socialist core values system and to boost the prosperity and development of socialist culture. Under the guiding of this programmatic document "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Political Education of Collage Students", ideal education that inspired by common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristic mainly focus on teaching young graduates scientific outlook on world, life and view, guiding them to establish and fulfill socialist view of honor and disgrace and helping them achieving the coordinative development of ideological and ethical qualities, scientific and cultural qualities and health. During this period, ideological and political course was still the main way to carry out ideal education in high institution. They also worked on deepening social practice and volunteer activities, constantly and further improving their political working system. Ideal education in high institutions whose main feature is to highlight the core position of ideal education in ideological and political course emphasizes qualities and connotations of education, increases its pertinence and effectiveness as well as its attractiveness and influence.The fundamental experiences of ideal education in high institutions during these sixty years since the establishment of the PRC can be divided into four parts:First, the ideal education in high institutions has always been around the central task of the party. Second, highlight the core position of ideal education in ideological and political course. Third, insist on positive instillation of theory and the principle that link theory with practice. Fourth, make full use of examples to promote the development of ideal education in high institutions.The elementary inspirations to ideal education during these sixty years since the establishment of the PRC can be divided into four parts:First, we must step up ideal education in the basic Marxist theories. Second, ideal education must insist on principle of seeking truth from facts and taking human being as root. Third, ideal education should have a clear theme, pay attention to the diversity of its method, using every positive way to rouse educators’and educators’enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. Fourth, Pay attention to the special role of higher education in the ideal education.At present, we can improve ideal education from the following five parts:First, optimizing the education consciousness and enforcing double system. Second, improving the educational mechanism and implementing the incentive principle. Third, improving the method and implementing the principle of penetration. Fourth, promoting the internalization and developing education consciousness. Fifth, Acting in concert and exerting the influence of practice. |
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