On Cai Yuanpei's Educational Views On "Five Domains Of Education"

Cai Yuanpei is a great educator and democratic revolutionist in Chinese modern history,the "Views on Five Domains of Education" put forward by him is the outstanding achievement in China's modern educational ideology as well as the product from the interactions of Chinese and Western educational thoughts."Views on Five Domains of Education" includes militarism education(physical education),utilitarianism education(physical education),civil morality education(moral education),worldview education and aesthetic education.Cai's "Five Domains of Education" are mutually integrated.The moral education is mainstay,and militarism education and utilitarianism education are the foundation,and the worldview education and aesthetic education are the extension of moral education which are indispensable and all of these aspects are essential for developing the complete personality for the citizens of the National Republic of China.The "Views on Five Domains of Education" has made great contributions to the development of modern education even the process of the country.This thesis intends to discuss the origins of the thoughts,the specific connotations,and the internal relationships and the spirits of Cai's "Views on Five Domains of Education",grasps its spiritual skeleton.Then by analyzing and summarizing Cai's experiences before,during and after the time of Beijing University governance,this thesis attempts to investigate the practical value and significance of the theory for the modern education,especially for the higher education.The personal historical background of Cai Yuanpei's "Views on Five Domains of Education" lies in his profound Chinese national culture education,and he has open mind in learning Western languages and culture such as Japanese,German and French,and he brought the advanced educational ideologies he learned aboard back to China.The militarism education in the "Views on Five Domains of Education" refers to the sports.The militarism education,the synonym for physical education,has special modern connotations.Besides demanding the students to have a healthy and strong body as the foundation,Cai Yuanpei's militarism education has the special purposes of military training and force training.It requires the students to have strong build and learn self-defense to protect the nation and truth.Secondly,the utilitarianism education,namely the intellectual education,represents not only the knowledge of science and culture but also the vocational education related closely to life.This concept of intellectual education totally varies from that of the imperial education's enrollment.Thirdly,the civil morality education consists of two parts.On the one hand,it aims to inherit and carry forward the traditional moral education.On the other hand,it attempts to learn and absorb the western moral education.Fourthly,the worldview education,which was firstly proposed by Cai Yuanpei,is also a special part of the "Five Domains of Education".Initially,he thinks that there are some common parts in human being's spiritual life,for example "the purposes of life are for the crowd rather than the self","the purposes of life are for the future rather than the.present" and "the purposes of life are for the spiritual delights rather than just for oneself's physical enjoyment".Human beings are supposed to pursue the generality.Then,Cai objects to the way that the religions see the world.Fifthly,the aesthetic education.Cai considers that the aesthetic education has three features.The beauty is universal even though there are differences between me and others,even though there are conflicts in interests and risks,the beauty has a kind of particular beauty which is beyond the ordinary beauty,and the beauty is the conversion between the present world and the spiritual world.Beyond that,the "Views on Five Domains of Education" from Cai is also widely adaptable to the world as well as to the female;however,the female whole-person education has the "Views on Five Domains of Education" that is specially suitable for the female-"mother's education".The "Views on Five Domains of Education" are mutually integrated and the mainstay is the moral education which is one of the parts of the whole-person education.The spiritual orientation of Cai's "Views on Five Domains of Education" can be divided into three layers:to adore the science and the arts,to emphasize the human beings-oriented humanism education and to advocate the liberal civil education.Since Cai Yuanpei proposed the "Views on Five Domains of Education" in 1912,he has stuck to practicing and developing his "Views on Five Domains of Education" no matter he was the chief of education of the National Republic of China,the principal of Beijing University,the dean of Academia Sinica or in other positions.Cai's "Views on Five Domains of Education" was put forward in modern time but still have exerted great influence on the contemporary education.The militarism education can develop the national physique,cultivate the moral character and strengthen the citizen's will and sense of national defense.The utilitarianism education namely the intellectual education can ensure the relative equality of education by using the strategy of timely priority on university and college development and the vocational education can promote the development of economy and develop the whole-persons.Insisting on the human-oriented moral education in multi-path and omni-direction can carry forward national spirit and develop the national consciousness.The worldview education supported by the multi-sciences is able to help students establish the right worldview and value,and reestablish the fine traditions of the Chinese nation.The lifelong aesthetic education can transform the nationality.In the female whole-person education,it is important to reemphasize the female moral education and it is necessary to put emphasis on the transformation of "mother's education" to the development of "mother of nationals".