Research On The Changes Of Jing Culture And Political Identity

The Kinh people is distributed in a transnational way in Vietnam,China,Cambodia,France,and America.As a domestic ethnic group in China,the Kinh is an inseparable part for Chinese nation and one of the 56 members in great family of Chinese nation.In Vietnam,the Kinh is the main body of the nation,and one of the 54 ethnic groups to form Vietnamese nation.The Kinh in China and Vietnam originated from the same source but developed into different branches,even though there are some certain connections in historic culture.In this paper,the Kinh in China and Vietnam(excluding that in other regions)is taken as research objective.The cultural identity for ancestor of the Kinh had experienced a complicated evolutionary process in ancient.The stable Chinese cultural identity established in the Western Jin Dynasty had lasted in modern times.For the political identity,the Kinh first acknowledged local aboriginal head as their leader,then followed China's dynastic rule and Vietnam's dynastic rule successively.After independence of Vietnam,the Kinh was initially formed as an ethnic group of Vietnam in 1256.Soon afterwards,the awareness of political identity that Vietnam is an independent country was shaped gradually.In modern times,affected by trend of nationalism from western countries and establishment process of nation-state guided by main body of the nation,the Kinh in China and Vietnam formed a double-deck identity about nation and ethnic group with different connotations,namely,for nation,"Chinese nation" and "Vietnamese nation"are both recognized,and for domestic ethnic group,"the Kinh of China" and "the Kinh of Vietnam" are both recognized.Thus the cultural and political identity of the Kinh has changed correspondingly.The research on changes in cultural and political identity of the Kinh has important academic and practical significance,facilitates profound theoretical research on national identity and research on Chinese cultural circle;besides,it provides references for China to build nation-state,and promotes sound development of relations between China and Vietnam.According to the stages of changes in cultural and political identity of the Kinh,the main body of this paper is divided into four chapters.In Chapter I,the process that the ancestor of the Kinh established Chinese cultural identity and the process of its acknowledgment to China's dynastic rule are expounded.In this process,due to direct governance of Chinese dynasty,Chinese culture spread strongly to the north of Vietnam,the cultural identity of the Kinh changed from identity of Luo culture and Ouluo culture to Yue culture and Chinese culture.And for political identity,they were under the rule of Luo leader,Ouluo leader,and Chinese dynasty,consecutively.Reasons for aforementioned changes may be that Chinese dynasties carried out assimilation policy,or attracted by advanced Chinese culture,the ancestors of the Kinh took an active learning.From Qin dynasty to Tang dynasty,Chinese central government had devoted to taking active guidance for national merger,apart from forced assimilation factors,a series of specific measures they put forward can be used as reference for accelerating great union of Chinese nation.In Chapter II,it discusses the situation of the political and cultural identity of the Kinh before its initial shaping after independence of Vietnam.During this period,the ancestors of the Kinh insisted in Chinese cultural in terms of cultural identity,but concerning political identity,he regarded himself as the southern dynasties of China consistent with the political power of northern Song dynasty,the identity psychology changes subtly.At that time,Chinese culture was deeply developing in Vietnam,Vietnam was highly similar with China in terms of political development,official ideology and written language.However,the unity of Chinese culture and Vietnamese culture didn't facilitate the unity of politics,which indicated that the key to realize political unity is not the culture unity,but the subjective unified willing and decision from powerful political bodies.In Chapter ?,it is about the situation of the political and cultural identity of the Kinh before modern time after its initial shaping.In that period,facing domestic and foreign regions,the Kinh of Vietnam emphasized that Vietnam is a independent southern state origining from Chinese nation,which is different from the northern dynasties of China(north nation).When facing Chinese dynasty,although they were forced to call themselves "subject" for tribute,they still insisted that they are "Chinese"not "foreigner",they were not willing to be dwarf.For cultural identity,they stuck to Chinese culture,the Confucianism,Buddhism,poetry and literature of Vietnam are full of Chinese cultural characteristics.The Kinh immigrants in Yuan and Ming dynasties advocated the legitimate status of Chinese dynasty and Chinese culture,they were amalgamated quickly with local Chinese after immigration.The facts show that legitimism thought plays a positive role for internal integration of a nation.Chapter IV describes the process that the Kinh of both China and Vietnam formed double-deck identity about nation and ethnic group with various connotations in modern times.In this period,influenced by western trend of nationalism,the Kinh of both China and Vietnam fought against imperalit invasion actively,their national awareness of modern times emerged and increasingly intensified,and finally a double-deck identity under different connotations was formed.Such formation,for the political aspect,made them acknowledge their own state,for the cultural aspect,made them form the double-deck cultural identity of the national culture and the Kinh culture.Such cultural formation proves that the international ethnic groups tend to separate as different ethnic groups with the same origin but different branches.In conclusion part,the detailed process of changes in cultural and political identity of the ancestors of the Kinh is concluded and reviewed,the reasons for such changes are summarized.The formation process of double-deck identity about nation and ethnic group of the Kinh in modern times is analyzed,the different connotations of double-deck identity about nation and ethnic group,and the development direction in the future for the Kinhs are pointed out.