A Study On The History Of Archery In Ancient China

Archery is one of the earliest ancient China sports project,which originated in ancient human hunting and defend their own safety,human self walking upright since a significant development,also marks the human will have the ability of simple tool reform into composite tools,is one of the greatest achievements of mankind began to change their fate and struggle,and the active nature of the survival and development,and later became one of the important weapon of the Cold War era lasted for thousands of years.Chinese is a multi-ethnic country since ancient times,thousands of years of experience with numerous national changes,blending and the change of dynasties,each dynasty are faced with the threat of war and destruction,some times even in successive years.In the cold weapon era before the modern gunpowder weapons were born,the bow and arrow were the decisive weapons in the war,and had many functions,which other weapons did not have.Not only that,archery is the ancient Chinese important means of education and dissemination of the most extensive,most participants sports,formed a "shot" as the center of the Chinese ancient archery culture.The history of the ancient archery Chinese as the research object,using literature method,historical analysis,logical analysis,system theory research method,expert interview attempts to collect valuable historical data collation,thus summed up the development process of the ancient archery movement China and explore the law of its development.The results show :First,the origin of archeology in ancient China can be traced back to prehistoric society,which is a history without written records,can only rely on future generations to write myths and legends to understand it.In the romantic rituals and historical tales,there are such bow and arrows who start,and Yi,Feng Meng,Gan Ying,Fei Wei,Ji Chang such excellent shooter,they face the difficulties do not back down,Go forward,and finally become a superb archery heroes,with bow and arrow to conquer nature,the benefit of mankind.In the unremitting efforts,our archaeologists in the 60 s of last century with a major archaeological discovery,with the physical will be able to determine the ancient archery history in advance to about 28,000 years ago,this is currently the earliest stone It is one of the earliest masters of archery technology in the world,but there is no evidence to prove that this is the beginning of the history of archeology in ancient China.Archaeological excavations of related artifacts have been underway.The history of Chinese archery has left a lot of space and possibilities for sports history.Second,China is one of the "four ancient civilizations" with thousands of years of civilized history."Chinese civilization" takes ritual music as the system,with ritual education as the core of thought and moral ritual as the main feature.Archery is considered a "man thing",the ritual is the ancient man when the archery of a ritual.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,the archery competition on the rally has the basic elements of the sports competition,including the purpose of the game,the time of the game,the competition venues,the participants,the rules and methods of the competition,the rules of rewards and punishments,and so on.,Standard sports competition.And because of the rigorous rules and regulations in the game,the Western Zhou Dynasty shooting archery game is very good to reflect the "friendship first,the second game,race style,race level" athletic purpose and goals.During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period,Confucianism,Taoism,Mohism,Legalists,and Military Strategists were very concerned about archery,and put forward many advanced archery ideas."Kao Gong Ji" will be pre-Qin period bow and arrow production techniques with words and images in the form of a very perfect show in front of today,its production procedures,methods and techniques spread so far,and even some skills have been lost.Archery technical skills to improve,in addition to the need for rigorous body training,the quality of bow and arrow will affect the technical skills.In turn,the technical skills to play also need to ensure the quality of the bow and arrow,thus,complement each other,to promote the development of archery.It is the development of archery,archery,archery and archery.Third,the Qin Dynasty is the first unified dynasty in Chinese history,after the Qin Dynasty,the Chinese society from the slavery society into the feudal society,which is an important turning point in Chinese history,for the ancient Chinese society and political and economic development laid Good foundation.During the period of the Qin and Han Dynasties,the archery form was rich and varied,and the archery,the tornle and the crossbow appeared in the terracotta warriors and horses,the stone,the Han and the Han,which reflected that the shooting was gradually popularized at all levels of society and was widely recognized by the broad masses of the people.advocate.And superb bronze arrowheads and crossbow machine production level and a variety of archery theory of the summary and shows the gradual increase in the stage of shooting.During this period,archery as an important means of military training,has been the attention of the rulers,played an important role in the war,"Autumn" game in the promotion of frontier defense also played a crucial role.In addition,as the heavy text of light Wu began to appear,archery entertainment function developed.Fourth,the Northern and Southern Dynasties period is a frequent change of regime,split separatism,full of suffering of the times,the rapid social turmoil to the population occurred in the North-South migration,promote the integration of North and South culture,promote the great development of archery,female archery movement In this push continue to rise.This brought the rapid development of military archery,there have been a lot of good shot of the great hero.At this stage,although the society is extremely unstable,but the entertainment archery is still prevalent,"banquet","gambling" and other archery racing form began to sweep,not only the archery form has been developed,and archery at the time the contents and forms of social recreation activities are produced Far-reaching impact.Han Dynasty also appeared in the history of our earliest "trophy",perhaps it is today's competitive game "jackpot" bud.This period there is a very important feature is the rise of family heritage to promote the development of archery,thus,the two north and south archery to the characteristics of the development of the road.Fifth,strong national strength,the economic development of the Tang and Song dynasties attaches great importance to talent selection and training,the establishment of a more perfect selection and training system of personnel,and the archery into its talent selection and training system.In the Tang and Song Wuju system,archery is the main content of the examination,and the establishment of "martial arts" to train military personnel.In the Tang and Song military training,archery is the main means and content.The wind is not only in the official prevalence,but also gradually in the civil society,the people on the border spontaneous association,the formation of "archery",the equivalent of a professional archery training institutions.Not only that,the Tang and Song Dynasties women archery unprecedented development,archery in a variety of forms,archery leisure color is strong,"nine grid" and other archery game,archery technical theory is very rich,reflecting the characteristics of diversified development.Sixth,Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties is a special period,the Yuan Dynasty is ruled by the Mongols,the Mongolians are nomadic people born,they love archery,but also good at archery.After the founding of the Yuan Dynasty,archery by the rulers of the high degree of attention,they are good at promoting and riding and riding,with particular emphasis on hunting activities.However,because the nomadic civilization is not high,which makes them not very important to the culture,the ritual culture was interrupted in the Yuan Dynasty,and because of restrictions on the Han martial arts,military system in the Yuan Dynasty was also terminated.Ming Dynasty as the history of the last one created by the Han Dynasty feudal dynasty,is the heyday of the imperial examination system,to restore and held a Wuju test,archery is also the main content of Wuju examination,bow and arrow production has been further standardized and development.Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty,very positive to restore the ritual culture,developed a special ritual system.With the Manchu riding archery broke into the customs,to "Mandarin riding and shooting" for the founding of the fundamental Qing Dynasty rulers pay attention to learn and shoot,the "magnolia autumn" as constant system.Wujiao system in the Qing Dynasty reached its prosperity,archery is its main assessment content,bow and arrow production level continues to improve and institutionalized,standardized,systematic,but also with the Yuan Dynasty is the nomadic ruler,the Qing emperor does not attach importance to the ritual culture,The rituals gradually faded in the Qing Dynasty.Therefore,the ritual culture in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties three periods from the demise to the revival to the demise,showing a different development path.In general,with the basic law of the development of any thing,the ancient Chinese archery has also experienced a process from the occurrence,development,to maturity and the gradual demise of the historical process.In the process of the ancient dynasties,the social history and historical and cultural significance of the archery are different,low,light and heavy,but under the influence of politics,economy and culture in different historical periods.,The original one to meet the basic needs of the basic needs of archery,and gradually evolved into a military,entertainment,etiquette,education,folk and other functions of the social and cultural forms.In the thousands of years of ancient Chinese civilization accumulation,gradually formed a "shot" as the core of the ancient Chinese archery multi-cultural system,rich in ancient Chinese material culture and intangible cultural heritage,is the ancient Chinese multi-cultural impact and blend of crystallization And wealth,it is the history of ancient Chinese sports a bright pearl.