Influence Of PTBI Lean Startup Based Fundamental Entrepreneurship Education On Undergraduate Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions

"Mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is a new engine to promote China’s economic development.With the substantial increase in the activity of entrepreneurial activities in recent years,college students,as one of the most innovative and entrepreneurial groups in the future,are attracting more and more attention.According to the theory of planned behavior,intention is the best variable to understand and predict behavior.In order to better understand and predict the entrepreneurial behavior of college students,it is necessary to pay attention to the entrepreneurial intentions of college students and its influencing factors.Entrepreneurship education is the greatest impact on the entrepreneurial intentions.The Ministry of Education promulgated the "Basic Requirements for Entrepreneurship Education Teaching in Regular Undergraduate Colleges(Trial)"([2012],No.4)with the requirement of providing required course of "Foundations of Entrepreneurship" for all undergraduates,which marks the birth of Fundamental Entrepreneurship Education(FEE)focused on enhancing the entrepreneurial intentions of college students.However,the start-up and development of FEE in China is still lack of effective and feasible paradigm.Lean startup is the lean thinking applied to the process of innovation.It has been widely used in many fields.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to develop entrepreneurial education,construct entrepreneurial education ecosystem,especially to develop FEE,so as to improve the entrepreneurial intentions of all university students and promote the overall quality of entrepreneurship.In this study,lean startup theory is introduced into entrepreneurship education and "dual-dimensions development model of entrepreneurship education based on lean startup" was put forward.The study focuses on the horizontal PTBI(Prototype,P;Tradition,T;Blended-learning;Iteration,I)lean startup based FEE.Based on exploring the influencing factors model of college students’ entrepreneurial intentions,this paper conducts empirical study on the effect on entrepreneurial intentions of optimized traditional learning system(T stage)and blended learning system(B stage)in FEE model.It is expected to provide new perspectives,theoretical guidance and method guidance for the initiation and innovation of the fundamental entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.The first study is the construction of "dual-dimensions development model of entrepreneurship education based on lean startup",which is based on Levels model of entrepreneurship education of Jamieson(1984)and is put forward by inductive and deductive methods.It is the first time that lean startup is introduced into the field of entrepreneurship education.This model includes an advanced model of AFBI entrepreneurship education based on the lean development of students and a horizontal basis based on the curriculum system lean development: PTBI lean startup based fundamental entrepreneurship education.This paper focuses on the PTBI lean startup based fundamental entrepreneurship education model,an iterative development model for entrepreneurial intentions training.In the study,the measurement tools and models on entrepreneurial intentions are adopted.The dual-dimensions development model of entrepreneurship education based on lean startup is based on student’s value creation orientation,rapid lean iteration,action priority,and the principles of scientific trial and affordable loss.It aims to help organizations or individuals to effectively achieve value creation,innovation and education reform in the context of China’s current education system,and provide a new theoretical model for entrepreneurship education,especially for the development of FEE.The second study is an empirical study on the determinants of college students’ entrepreneurial intentions.Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB),this paper puts forward a revised model of influencing factors of college students’ entrepreneurial intentions based on the literature research.Then,the model is empirically tested through the empirical questionnaire data of 1832,using structured equation model(SEM).It is found that the formation of college students’ entrepreneurial intention is influenced by the knowledge of foundations of entrepreneurship,entrepreneurial self-efficacy,entrepreneurial attitude,social values,perceived social norms and psychological control.Among them,the knowledge of foundations of entrepreneurship not only directly to the entrepreneurial intention to play a positive role in promoting,but also through entrepreneurial self-efficacy of the intermediary variable to further affect the entrepreneurial intention,and social values play an intermediary role.The locus of control play a regulatory role in the impact of social values on entrepreneurial intentions.Through the analysis of the main influencing factors of college students’ entrepreneurial intentions and the path of their action,the paper first reveals the mechanism of fundamental entrepreneurship education which provides the theoretical basis for fundamental entrepreneurship education actions.The third study is the influence of traditional(T stage of PTBI model)way of FEE on entrepreneurial intentions.It follows the principles of action priority and scientific trial to start the FEE based on optimized traditional teaching method.In order to explore its effect,this study used Solomon four quasi-experimental design.Taking the traditional FEE as experimental manipulative variable,the paper test its influence on the three basic variables of FEE knowledge,entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions.The experiment found that even the optimized traditional teaching program of fundamental entrepreneurship education has a significant impact on students’ knowledge of foundations of entrepreneurship,entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions.Lean startup approach,starting the FEE in the way of lean iteration,has good applicability and effectiveness.The fourth study is the impact of blended learning based FEE on undergraduate students’ entrepreneurial intentions.Following the principle of student value orientation,blended learning based FEE was designed after iteration based on the principle of "affordable loss" and the platform of MOOCs and flip classrooms.Through the inter-group experiment,this paper empirically tests the influence of traditional and blended learning based FEE on three basic variables of knowledge of foundations of entrepreneurship,entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions.The results show that: After a lean iteration,the blended learning based FEE has a significant impact on the knowledge of foundations of entrepreneurship,entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students.The blended learning based FEE with a lower input can achieve the same education effect on entrepreneurial intentions with traditional FEE,which means that the blended learning based FEE is more effective than the traditional one.The theoretical value of the study is mainly reflected in:(1)By creatively introducing the lean startup into entrepreneurship education,this paper puts forward the "dual-dimensions development model of entrepreneurship education based on lean startup",including AFBI advanced model of entrepreneurship education and PTBI lean startup based fundamental entrepreneurship education,which provides a new framework for entrepreneurship education.(2)Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB),the theoretical model on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students is constructed from the perspective of FEE and tested by means of Structural Equation Method(SEM).(3)Based on the previous model,we use Solomon’s four experimental methods to test the implementation effect of the FEE.It is found that even traditional FEE also has a significant impact on knowledge of foundations of entrepreneurship,entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions.(4)Based on the principle of student value orientation and the decision criteria of "affordable loss",the blended learning based FEE was designed after lean iteration based on MOOCs and flipped classroom.The impact of blended learning based FEE on undergraduate students’ entrepreneurial intentions was empirically tested from the aspects of value and efficiency,which makes a more in-depth exploration and development of the application of lean thinking in FEE.This study also has important practical significance.It provides a lean development model to better understand and develop entrepreneurship education,especially fundamental entrepreneurship education.It also provides a new perspective for explaining the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students.The "Basic Requirements for Entrepreneurship Education Teaching in Regular Undergraduate Colleges(Trial)",launched by Ministry of Education is empirically supported.The blended learning based fundamental entrepreneurship education provides new ideas to solve some challenges of fundamental entrepreneurship education,such as unclear rout map,lack of teachers,etc.It is of great importance to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education and cultivate future entrepreneurs,as well as contribute to realize "China Dream".