| The concepts of "mixed ownership", "mixed ownership institution" and "mixed ownership economy" were proposed in several reports from the Third Plenary Session of the Fourteenth CPC Central Committee and the Fifteenth National Congress of Party since 1993. Since the reform and opening up, in the process of exploring the economic system reform and the institutional innovation of state-owned enterprises, China faces the existing problems due to the transition and the disadvantages of traditional ownership structure. In order to establish and improve Socialist market economy, China gradually breaks through the boundaries of ownership, proposing that public ownership can achieve various forms and developing mixed ownership economy. The mixed ownership economy is the product of big reorganization and big transformation of China's economic system, which is the management methods and organizational forms that mirror the laws governing socialized production. It is a kind of enterprise development model of diversified operations cross occupation, ownership and industry among diversified ownership investors. As a new mode of organizational operation and economic form. With the development of twenty years' practices, China has reached a certain foundation and scale. By the end of 2012, from the perspective of the whole nation, the mixed ownership economy accounted for 70% of China's top 500 enterprises. Mixed ownership enterprises are approximately 1,229,000, accounting for 15% of the total registered enterprises. The investment scale of mixed ownership enterprises occupies 33% of the total fixed capital investment, its tax contribution occupies 47%. The central enterprises and theirs subsidiaries, the number of the mixed ownership enterprises accounts for nearly 57% of the incorporated enterprises, and some central enterprises of centre enterprises reached 80%. In this respect, the mixed ownership economy has shown great vitality in the practice, which greatly promotes the development of productive forces.At present, China's economy is in the context of "The New Normal", which is the "Three Periodical Overlays" - shift period of growth rate speed, pains period of structural adjustments and digestive period of previous stimulus policy. Under this background, state-owned enterprises face the critical period of deepening reform. In 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee proposed "positively developing mixed ownership economy", emphasized that "mixed ownership economy contains the mixed shareholdings among national capital, collective capital and private capital, and it is the important form of the basic economic institution". In China, the mixed ownership economy has become the main realizing forms of public ownership. As a new strategy for the development of state-owned enterprises reform, mixed ownership economy has become the inevitable choice to deepen the reform of state-owned reform and improve the socialist basic economic institution.The mixed ownership is an enterprises property right organizational form and operational approach formed by the mutual investment and shareholding of different kinds of ownerships. Its basic demonstrations are:shareholding system, joint stock cooperative system and joint venture system, and so on. The formation and development of the mixed ownership economy passes through three stages:primary development, general formation and deepening improvement. The coexist and mutual development of several ownerships, theoretical innovation on national level and policy promotion, establishment of market economic institutions, the mature of capital market and property right market have created the basic conditions for developing the mixed ownership economy.According to the analysis of the relationship of ownership, ownership structure and the realizing form of ownership, the mixed ownership economy is the realizing form of "mixed ownership". The mixed ownership is the institutional arrangement of mixed ownership economy. The mixed ownership economy is the basic of the mixed economy; the mixed economy is the result of the deepening mixed ownership economy.In fact, seen from historical process, the mix economy under the national macro regulation and market mechanism. With the development of the times, the deepening development of global economics and marketization, the trend of world economic integration makes the economic integration among investors from different countries, and the mixed economy is generated among different countries. Western countries, including the United Kingdom, abandon the single ownership, and choose the path of mixed ownership economy. Although the mixed ownership economy has different characteristics among different countries, it all becomes an inevitable trend to adapt to the needs of economic development transition. This inevitable trend is the "production socialization rule", the rule of capital socialization development, the rule of the market economy transfer from "spontaneous" to "consciousness", and the promotion of the third scientific and technological revolution. These all together promote world economy enters into the new era of public-private mixed market economy.As the first capitalist country in the world that develops market economy, the United Kingdom has over two hundreds years'market economy institution. Through freedom market economic institution, it develops mixed market economic institution based on national intervention and private ownership. After Second World War, with the generation of state-owned enterprises and the strengthening of national intervention, the UK began to implement the dynamic and interdependent development of public and private ownership, thus there is a mixed economy or mixed ownership economy. China's mixed ownership economy modes and the UK's mixed ownership economy mode are the product from the specific historical background and conditions, and are the result of various factors. Their characteristics are so different, therefore, they both have their own experiences and enlightenment, but China cannot fully copy UK's experience.In China, it has great theoretical and empirical significance to positively develop mixed ownership economy, further strengthening and improving socialist basic economic institution, enhancing market source allocation efficiency, stimulating all kinds of positive factors to promote social wealth innovation, adjusting social benefit relation, further deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises and national capital, improving its economic efficiency and competitive capacity, promoting state-owned enterprises to improve modern enterprise system, and consolidating and developing the dominant position of public economy. At present, China's state-owned enterprises still lack of vitality, the operating mechanism is not flexible, and the capacity of private enterprises is not strong, so that deepening state-owned enterprise reform become the highlight of economic institution reform. China's mixed ownership economy develops in line with the deepening reform of state-owned enterprises, and the property right system is its core. In order to seize the strategic opportunity, we must inherit and sum up the advantageous experience of China's past development of mixed ownership economy, and further seek the perspective and path of the mixed ownership economy. Among many issues, such as the classification, mode and opportunity of the'mixed', all need to be studied and solved.This research applies many methods, combining literature review with interview, combining historical analysis with comparative study, combining theory with practice combining normative analysis with empirical analysis, combing qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis and so on. They form a comprehensive research system on the comparison of mixed ownership economy mode between China and the United Kingdom.The research contents are as follows:Chapter one:introduction. This chapter first introduces the background and significance of the research. Then, it reviews the domestic and foreign literature, proposing aims, methods and ideas of this research, and finally innovative points and research prospects.Chapter two:related concepts and theoretical origins of mixed ownership economy. It first examines connation, nature and characteristics of the mixed ownership economy, the difference and relation between the mixed economy and mixed ownership economy. Besides, it analyzes the related concepts of mixed ownership. Finally, it reviews the related theories related to mixed ownership economy in China and Western countries, including Marx and Engels' theory and the related theories proposed by other scholars from western countries. This chapter provides a theoretical support for the comparison of the mixed ownership economy in China and UK.Chapter three:process and operational mode of mixed ownership economy in the United Kingdom. It first explores the process of mixed ownership economy in UK, mainly examining the mixed ownership economy in the period of nationalization, privatization, "The Third Way" and "The Big Society", and summarizes theoretical basis of mixed ownership economy in the UK. It then summarizes driving forces and conditions of UK's mixed ownership economy. Finally, this chapter focuses on operational modes and characteristics of UK's mixed ownership economy.Chapter four:process and operational mode of the mixed ownership economy in China. It first examines the process of mixed ownership economy in China, from two levels:macro policy and micro practice respectively. It also summarizes the theoretical basis of mixed ownership economy. It then analyzes the ideological evolution of China's mixed ownership economy, and its driving forces and conditions. It finally summarizes the operational mode and characteristics of the mixed ownership economy in China.Chapter five:comparative analysis of mixed ownership economy modes in China and the United Kingdom. This chapter compares the characteristics, nature, aim, macro level of operational modes, efficiency of the mixed ownership economy in China and UK. It also compares and summarizes evaluation from the domestic and foreign scholars.Chapter six:quantitative comparison and evaluation of the mixed ownership economy modes operation in China and the United Kingdom. It first compares the overall situation of the mixed ownership economy in China and the UK. It then establishes a'social-economic' equivalent curve on the basis of social and economic efficiency to explain development trace of society and economy in China and the UK. It also establishes periodical evaluation of the mixed ownership economy based on systematic coupling analysis and development evaluation of the mixed ownership economy based on "Cobb-Douglas" function, evaluating the development basic environment and current situation of the mixed ownership economy in China and UK. Finally, it applies marginal analysis to explain development trend of the mixed ownership economy in China and the UK.Chapter seven:path selection and policy recommendations for China's development of mixed ownership economy. First of all, it summarizes the enlightenments from the comparison of the mixed ownership economy in China and the UK. Then, through analyzing path dependency, it applies a "Lock and Breakthrough Model", exploring the current situation of China's mixed ownership economy, establishing an upgrade model and paradigm structure that promote China's mixed ownership economy. Finally, this chapter proposes the policy recommendations to develop the mixed ownership economy positively based on the enlightenments, path breakthrough, upgrade and paradigms. |
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