| Ever since the reform and opening of China,the economic system reform which takes marketization as orientation greatly promotes the adjustment and development of the industrial structure.Upgrading the industrial structure has become the effective way to optimal allocation of resources,promote regional innovation ability and cultivate new economic growth power.During the process of cultivation,development,structural adjustment,transformation and upgrading of industries,we should emphatically optimize resources allocation effect of fiscal policy,pay close attention to the impact of fiscal and taxation policy on upgrading the industri al structure and industrial structural layout,give full play to the role of fiscal and taxation policy in leading the flowing of production factors between different industries and optimizing production factors allocation effect of fiscal and taxation pol icy.Given existing theoretical and empirical research have failed to explain the influencing effect of fiscal and taxation policy on upgrading the industrial structure,this paper brings fiscal and taxation policy into industrial development theoretical a nalysis framework,offers some rational explanations for influencing mechanism and effect of fiscal and taxation policy on upgrading the industrial structure from the perspectives of institutional background of fiscal decentralization,three-dimension system of scale,structure and efficiency of fiscal expenditure,on the basis of the characteristics of upgrading the industrial structure including spatial clustering,dynamic evolution and regional heterogeneity.This paper attempts to answer following quest ions: Firstly,in the era of the faster flowing of resources and factors among regions and growing regional integration,whether there is such a feature that upgrading the industrial structure is spatial clustering? As an important institutional background for industrial development,whether fiscal decentralization will influence the spatial spillover effects of upgrading the industrial structure? Secondly,whether there is such a feature that upgrading the industrial structure is dynamic adjustment? How do the scale,structure and efficiency of fiscal expenditure affect upgrading the industrial structure? Furthermore,whether there is such a threshold effect of the scale and structure of fiscal revenue influencing upgrading the industrial structure in diffe rent stages of development or regional environment? Finally,how to create a new modality of fiscal and taxation policy that incorporates the market,government industries and enterprise as a “quaternity” to further promote the upgrading of industrial stru cture?On the basis of comprehensive review of related literature at home and abroad about fiscal and taxation policy and upgrading of industrial structure,this paper makes a detailed investigation on characteristics of the present status for fiscal and taxation policy and upgrading of industrial structure,theoretically analyzes the industry regulation mechanism and means of fiscal and taxation policy,reveals the influencing path and mechanism of fiscal and taxation policy on upgrading of industrial structure,then empirically tests the effects of fiscal and taxation policy on upgrading of industrial structure from the following aspects.First of all,there exists a feature of spatial clustering for upgrading of industrial structure,and the feature is closely related to the local governments' behaviors under fiscal decentralization system,this paper investigates the effects of fiscal revenue decentralization and fiscal expenditure decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure from the perspectives of spatial spillover effect and spatial heterogeneity.On one hand,from the perspective of spatial spillover effect,this paper draws on panel data covering Chinese provinces over the period from 2000 to 2014 to introduce four spatial weight matrixes including neighboring weighting matrix,geographic weighting matrix,economic weight matrix and mixed weighting matrix into Spatial Durbin Model,respectively empirically tests the spatial effect and strategic competition effect of fiscal revenue decentraliz ation and fiscal expenditure decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure.On the other hand,from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity,empirically tests spatial interaction and differences of fiscal revenue decentralization and fiscal expend iture decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure with GWR model,then investigates the spatial correlation patterns of estimated coefficients in GWR model with LISA analytical method.The studies indicate that regional differences in fiscal dece ntralization and other economic and social factors lead to significant spatial heterogeneity in upgrading the industrial structure.There exists inconsistency in the spatial effects of fiscal expenditure decentralization and revenue decentralization on upg rading of industrial structure.On one hand,the effect of fiscal revenue decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure in local regions is not significant,while fiscal expenditure decentralization plays positive role in upgrading of industrial st ructure in local regions;on the other hand,the negative effect of fiscal expenditure decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure in neighboring regions is more significant than that of fiscal revenue decentralization.There exists significant s patial dependence in the effects of fiscal revenue decentralization and fiscal expenditure decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure,the “high-lying-land” effects and the “low-lying-land” effects coexist in the spatial pattern.Secondly,in consideration of orientation,extent,period and time-lag of policy,fiscal expenditure policy will lead to the integration and rearrangement of factors,cumulative and diffusion of knowledge,spillover effect of technical innovation in the process of upgrading of industrial structure,so that upgrading the industrial structure is dynamic adjustment.From the perspective of dynamic effect of fiscal expenditure policy on upgrading the industrial structure,this paper draws on panel data covering Chinese provinces over the period from 2000 to 2014 to empirically test the effect of scale,structure and efficiency of fiscal expenditure on upgrading the industrial structure.The estimated results show that the increasing of fiscal expenditure scale plays a positive role in promoting upgrading the industrial structure,but the effect is not significant.The government investment expenditure and government people's livelihood expenditure are conducive to upgrading the industrial structure significantly,while government consuming expenditure plays a negative role in upgrading the industrial structure.For the overall sample,fiscal expenditure efficiency plays a negative role in upgrading the industrial structure,but the effect is not significant.For the regional sam ple,fiscal expenditure efficiency in eastern regions plays a negative role in upgrading the industrial structure,but the effect is not significant,while fiscal expenditure efficiency in central and western regions significantly restrains upgrading the i ndustrial structure.Besides,fiscal revenue scale and structure reflect macro tax burden differences between different commodities,industries and regions,so that fiscal revenue policy can affect the process of cultivation,development,structural adjust ment,transformation and upgrading of industries by influencing commodity structure,industrial structure and regional structure.There exists significant heterogeneity of resource endowment,economic foundation,locational conditions in different regions,so that fiscal revenue policy plays threshold and nonlinear effect on upgrading the industrial structure in different stages of development or regional environment.This paper draws on panel data covering Chinese provinces over the period from 2000 to 2014 to respectively empirically test the threshold effect of fiscal revenue scale and structure,tax structure,tax species(commodities and services tax,income tax,property tax)on upgrading the industrial structure which takes economic development and human capital as third-party external factors with the use of threshold regression model.The research suggests that there exists nonlinear correlation between the fiscal revenue policy and upgrading the industrial structure,namely fiscal revenue policy play the effects with the feature of threshold transformation on upgrading the industrial structure while takes economic development and human capital as third-party external factors.Finally,based on the aforementioned theoretical analysis and empirical tes t results,this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions about fiscal and taxation policy to promote upgrading of industrial structure. |
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