Research On Tourism Development In The Ethnic Village From The Perspective Of Resources, Environment And Location

For many years of rapid development, the tourism has grown into an important industry in China. Because the tourism has many functions, such as enhancing the people's feeling of happiness, improving the level of healthy, promoting the social harmonious, and boosting the economic development, the Chinese tourism will embrace the new round of rapid and efficient development in the background of China's New Normal. Being a part of tourism, the Ethnic Village Tourism will also get in the opportunities of great-leap-forward development under the series of policy guidance.But the tourism is a comprehensive and vulnerable industry, if the tourism is started to run in the ethnic village, it will produces profound and irreversible influence to the economy, the culture, the environment, the society, the polity, and raises the developing risk of the village and district. In China, there have hundreds of millions of minority people lived in many ethnic villages, which are scattered in many places. And it is fact that there have many conflicts among the residents or the groups owing to the rights and interests, and forms a disintegrating trend of the ethnic culture in the Ethnic Tourism Village. So, under the background of the number increasing of the Ethnic Tourism Villages in China, in order to know well which are the influence factors, judge the ethnic village whether or not suitable for tourism development, determine the direction of tourism development in the ethnic village, choose the suitable development pattern, guarantee the ethnic tourism village'growth through the Ethnic Cultural Compensation Mechanism, and ultimately achieve the sustainable development of national culture and tourism economy in ethnic village, it is necessary to study the influence factors, evaluation model, development pattern, Ethnic Cultural Compensation of the tourism development in ethnic village.This research is processed by the analysis of theory and demonstration. Based on the review of the research to the ethnic village tourism and investigation in many Ethnic Tourism Villages, this study analysis the scholars, tourists, tourism enterprises and researchers' cognitive information to the typical Ethnic Tourism Village through the qualitative and quantitative methods, construct the influence factors system from the perspective of resources, environment and location, and explore the interaction mechanism between the factors and the tourism development in Ethnic Tourism Village; Based on the result of the influence factors' importance by expert's recognization, this study calculates the factors'weight and constructs the evaluation models of resources, environment, location and comprehensive conditions by AHP, and chooses the growth, the mature and the declining Ethnic Tourism Village to inspect and correct the series evaluation models; According to the conditions'combination and classification by the series evaluation models, this study divides the ethnic village into seven types and explores the sustainable development pattern to the various types of ethnic village; This study also constructs the Ethnic Cultural Compensation Mechanism from the aspects of the concept, the compensation object, the compensation standard, the compensation forms, the compensation schemes, and analyses the necessity and strategy of implementation to the Ethnic Cultural Compensation from the perspectives of residents and tourists. The main conclusions of this study are as follows:First, there are many influence factors in the process of the ethnic village's tourism development, and the factors' weights are significantly different, but the resources, the environment and the location are the organic composition to the Ethnic Village Tourism development conditions. Analyzing from the perspectives of scholars, tourists, tourism enterprises and researchers, the influence factors are consist of twenty impact factors, such as the typical, the famous, and the rich of ethnic resources. The influence factors are divided into four levels by the weight of factor, among them, the maximum and minimum weight of factor are the typical of ethnic resources and the tourism policy environment. Overall, the resource is the core of condition to the tourism development in ethnic village, and plays a leading role to the evaluation results of ethnic village condition and the direction of the tourism development in ethnic village. Although the environment and location's weight are lower than the resources, they are also the organic composition of tourism development, and the lack or insufficient of any conditions will restrict sustainable development of the Ethnic Village Tourism.Second, the evaluation model of resources, environment, location and comprehensive conditions are the scientific tools to evaluate the tourism development condition and determine the orientation of tourism development in the ethnic village. According to the influence factors system and weight, this study builds the evaluation models of resources, environment, location and comprehensive condition in the ethnic village. It is showed that the series of evaluation models are applied and verified to be more reasonable by the growth, the mature and the declining Ethnic Tourism Villages, and is suitable for evaluating the tourism development condition of ethnic village. The series of evaluation models can judge the ethnic village whether or not suitable for tourism development, determine the orientation of ethnic village tourism, and provide the reason to the development strategy and decision-making. Therefore, the evaluation models of resources, environment, location and comprehensive condition are the important tools to ethnic tourism development.Third, through the conditions combination of the resources, environment and location, the ethnic village can be divided into seven types, such as the Crown Ethnic Villages, the Pearl Ethnic Villages, the Reservation Ethnic Villages, the Elegant Ethnic Villages, the Secular Ethnic Villages, the Fairyland Ethnic Villages, the Characteristic Ethnic Villages, and the different types of ethnic village has its own unique development pattern.Finally, the Ethnic Cultural Compensation Mechanism is the guarantee for the sustainable development of Ethnic Village Tourism, and it is necessary to establish Ethnic Cultural Compensation Mechanism from the residents and the tourists'view. Because the sustainable development of ethnic culture is the basis and guarantee to the sustainable development of Ethnic Village Tourism, the Ethnic Tourism Village should pays attention to mobilize the residents and collective's enthusiasm of ethnic cultural protection, and implements the Ethnic Cultural Compensation. Ethnic Cultural Compensation is an institutional arrangement which takes the protection, inheritance and innovation of ethnic culture as the purpose, and adjusts the interest relationship between the stakeholders of ethnic culture in Ethnic Tourism Village by the regulation means of government and market. The Ethnic Cultural Compensation Mechanism is constructed by the concept, the compensation object, the compensation standard, the compensation forms, and the compensation schemes. Based on the cognition of two compensation stakeholders, the investigation is showed that the residents and the tourists identify and support to carry out the Ethnic Cultural Compensation in ethnic village, the tourism enterprises and the local government should be the compensation subject, the collective and the individual should be the compensateon object, the cultural compensation standard should be changed with the residents'willingness to accept and the tourism development, the compensation modes should be different in various stages, and the different groups should be implemented difference standards.