Research On The Improvement Of The Governance Of Chinese Specialized Farmers Cooperatives

The second article in Law of the People's Republic of China on Specialized Farmers Cooperatives promulgated in 2007 regulates that specialized farmers cooperatives founded on the basis of the contracted operation of rural families are mutual-help economic organizations joined voluntarily and managed in a democratic manner,and the producers and operators of the same kind of farm products or the same kind of agricultural production and operation.Specialized farmers cooperatives shall observe the following principles: voluntary and open membership,democratic member control,member economic participation,autonomy and independence,education,training and information,co-operation among co-operatives,concern for community.The governance of farmer specialized cooperatives is a dual governance structure: a social group and a commercial subject.In different cultural traditions,there exist subtle differences in the people's pursuits of the cooperatives.The farmer cooperatives in China seek for three governance objectives: legitimate,consensus and effectiveness of farmers' professional cooperatives.This paper uses qualitative and quantitative research,the methods of uniting the logic and history,the combination of comparative analysis and system analysis and the induction and deduction.From the time dimension,it reviews the theoretical basis and historical basis of specialized farmers cooperatives,makes an analysis from its theory and practice and makes a summary to solve the problem of time succession of farmers cooperatives governance in China.From the spatial dimension,it summarizes the current situation of the governance of farmers cooperatives,analyzes the system supply,governance status and practical constraints of farmers cooperatives.From the subject dimension,it analyses the membership quality,existing problems and puts forward some countermeasures.The member is the subject of the specialized farmers cooperatives.His role in society,different psychological feelings from different perspectives,along with the lack of the cultural quality and the sense of democracy,cause the following problems,such as the cooperative free rider problem,identity,elite capture and trustand so on.From the system environment,farmers cooperatives are facing the constraint of the internal system,legal norm,external system.In the development of the agriculture,there exists a plain saying,“One rely on policy,two rely on science andtechnology,relying on investment by three”.Although the system itself is not an agricultural resource,it can enable all sorts of resources to combine differently and provide environment for the resource allocation,resulting in different costs and perform-ance.The concern about the system,especially about the political system,can supply the development of cooperative governance a suitable environment.Besides,according to the operation of the internal and external system and the non-standardization of the law,it can point out the problems caused by farmers cooperatives and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.Chinese specialized farmers cooperatives governance is based on Marxism's cooperative economy which is considered as the theoretical guidance.This paper analyzes and discusseses the farmer cooperative economy from the system condition,organizational principle and type,implementation procedure,distribution mode and organizational goals.It also expounds the theoretical guidance of the theory on the organization form,financing channel,management mechanism,decision-making mechanism,distribution mechanism and supervision mechanism of new Chinese specialized farmers cooperatives governance.Chinese specialized farmers cooperatives governance is based on the practice of Chinese farmers cooperatives.This paper analyses its practice from the following periods: the new democratic revolution period,the founding of new China to 1956,the climax of cooperation and after the reform and opening up.It also elaborates the governance structure and governance performance in each period,which provides the practical experience for the new specialized farmers cooperatives.The improvement of Chinese specialized farmers cooperatives governance also has practical constraints,mainly including a series of dilemma caused by the institutional embeddedness of state administrative act,the economic embeddedness of the market economy,the embedded management of the supply chain management of agricultural products and the cultural embeddedness of the local culture.The factors that influence Chinese specialized farmers cooperatives governance include the quality of members,legal norms,internal governance mechanism and external environment.Through the analysis of the factors that appeal to the formation of governance dilemma,this paper puts forward some countermeasures to improve the governance ofChinese farmers cooperatives.It should be noted that,due to the late start of the development of Chinese specialized farmers cooperatives,there are a variety of problems.However,with the improvement of the quality of the members,the perfection of the relevant laws of the specialized farmers cooperatives,the constant standardization of the internal control mechanism and the external governance mechanism of the farmer cooperatives,it must be able to achieve its organizational desirability and purpose in the future development of specialized farmers cooperatives.Certainly,for the advanced experience of foreign countries,we should uphold the belief that all living creatures grow together without harming one another;ways run parallel without interfering with one another,absorb and learn from it.As a result,we should make it an economic mutual aid organization to promote economic development,improve farmers' living standards and social public service system.