Study On Reform Routing Choice Of Land Marketization In China

Since 1978,Chinese government established a goal of socialist market economic system reform and the economy gradually has realized the transformation from planned economy to market economy.It presented the typical characteristics of gradual market-oriented reform.Configuration of the resource was changed from mainly using planning mechanism to mainly using the market mechanism in the economic activities.To be compatible with the socialist market economic system reform,Chinese government has gradually opened up the land market and the binary land market structure was formatted initially that is government monopoly and rural-urban divided.But fragmented land market structure of urban and rural areas lurked the loss of efficiency.Speeding up the pace of the reform of land marketization has been the consensus of theorists.Land marketization is the transition process which allocation of land resource is given priority from planning to market.In the process the role that market mechanism allocates land resources is strengthening with gradual change and there are distribution and adjustment of benefits.We should clear the reform target of market allocation of land resources,grasp the present situation of the reform of land marketization in China more accurately and choose the right breakthrough point.The chapter reveals the gene and impetus of the reform of land marketization in China through analyzing the reform practices of land marketization which have been happened.Then,based on the analysis of land marketization's situation,find the breakthrough point of deepening reform of land marketization.The full-text was divided into nine chapters as follows:Chapter 1:Introduction.At the beginning of the chapter,the background and significance of this research topic was introduced.On the basis of the above canvass,the research purpose,research contents,research methods,data resources and possible innovations&defects were introduced.Chapter2:Literature review.Four areas of existed research were recommended briefly,which are land marketization and the measure of its level,the impetus of reform,behaviors of main parties and reform policy program.Chapter3:Institutional and institutional change:theoretical foundation.The basic concepts such as institution,institutional change were reviewed theoretically firstly.On the basis,the process and path of institutional change were analyzed.Chapter4:Reform of land marketization in China:institutional change since 1978.Through describing and combing the historical tracks since 1978,the path of institutional change of land marketization's reform in China was analyzed and the direction of land marketization in China was revealed.Chapter5:Reform of land marketization in China:Chengdu's practice and exploration.Through describing and combing Chengdu's practice the path of institutional change was analyzed and the gene of land marketization's reform was revealed.Chapter6:Estimate and analysis of land market's level in China.Firstly,land market structure in China was described qualitatively and analyzed.Secondly,land market's comprehensive level has been estimated by weighted average method,which considers farmland conversion market and land granting market and the variable law was analyzed.Chapter7:Reform of land marketization:impetus analysis.Firstly,there was a general theoretical analysis of the power of land marketization reform in China.Secondly,it analyzed the possible influence of land marketization on the income and its gap of urban and rural residents.Then,it analyzed whether the Chinese government and people had the impetus to promote the land marketization reform using a provincial-level panel data and metrology.Chapter8:Reform of land marketization:breakthrough point analysis.Using a provincial-level panel data,it analyzed the reason of the differentiation of land market's level by variation coefficient and Theil index to choice the breakthrough point of the reform of land marketization.Chapter9:The main research findings and outlook.The conclusions are obtained as follows:Firstly,the institution is a rule which people reached by the game in certain circumstances.It can restrain specific economic entities' activity patterns and the interrelation.The institution can be understood from institutional environment and institutional arrangement.Any institutional arrangement is in a certain system environment.When the institutional environment changes,the economic activity' potential costs and benefits are changed.At the same time external profit is generating.The accumulated external profits induced parties to change the institution.However,external profit is not a sufficient condition of institutional change.When the parties acknowledge external profit and external profits are greater than the costs,they could launch or participate in institutional change.Cognitive ability is different between the parties,so there are different expected utility functions.When we pursuit of expected revenue maximization,every party'action strategy is influenced by the others.Therefore,the process of institutional change exist the game between the parties to compete for external profit.External interests can be internalization in the process of institutional change,so the parties promote institutional change develop to direction efficiency through repeated games.The final path of institutional change depends on the coupling degree of various interest groups which can take collective action and its correlation of forces.Secondly,with the transformation from the market economy to the planned economy,the market mechanism is playing a role in the allocation of land resources.Agricultural land contract management rights transfer market was formed gradually in the rural areas.The institutional arrangement was established in the city with compensation,duration and mobility which supplied land by agreement,bidding,auction and other market-oriented.In farmland conversion market,the attitude has been shift from a total ban on circulation to allowing conditionally circulation.This is a huge and profound institutional change process.It is also the process that plan system is replaced by more efficient market system.Land marketization reform was the result of parties mutual game around external profit in certain institutional environment,and the generated of external profits were associated with changes of institutional environment,and land marketization reform appeared significant path dependent properties.Market mechanism plays an increasingly important role in the allocation of land resource.For every reform,related system are adjusted on the margin.It developed along the direction which can promote the level of land market.Thirdly,agricultural land market,urban land market and farmland conversion market coexist at present.Although the reform was strengthened,land market's comprehensive level is not high and presents the downward tendency in China.The drop of land market's comprehensive level is because of the drop of farmland conversion market's level.The drop of farmland conversion market's level was related with the Chinese government continuing to strengthen controls on farmland conversion.The current policy which Chinese government continue to strengthen control on farmland conversion,at the same time the government promote land granting market's reform did not help to enhance land market's level.On the contrary,this institutional arrangement would stimulate the local government take advantage of the urban and rural split and market policies to compete with the people to seek the value-added benefits of farmland conversion maximum.Fourthly,the key to success of land marketization reform lies in whether it can satisfy the interests of relevant parties.The reform of land marketization could increase the income of urban and rural residents,but there was an inverted U relationship between land marketization and the gap,and the inflection point was 25.33%.Now the rate of land marketization in many provinces is less than 25.33%in China,so there is still a positive influence of land marketization on the income gap of urban and rural residents.However,it does not mean that Chinese government should reduce land market's level to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents.Building socialist market economic system has become the goal of government reform,so Chinese government has the impetus to deepen the reform and jump out the trap of low percentage of land marketization.It means that the government and people had the impetus to promote the land marketization reform.Fifthly,the provincial differences of land granting market's level were more and more small,but the provincial differences of farmland conversion market's level expanded.And the differences of land market's comprehensive level in the three main regions of China were influenced by the differences both in a region and among different regions.The contribution rate of the difference among different regions was less than that of the difference in a region.So it can improve land market's comprehensive level and jump out the trap of low percentage of land marketization that strengthening the reform of farmland conversion market and speeding up the reform in the region which has the lower market's level,especially in western region.