The Mechanism Of The Effects From Spatial Agglomeration On Manufacturing Firms' Export Participation And Empirical Research

With China's opening up policy gradually implemented from coastal area to the Mainland and its constant improvement, the continuous concentration of economic activity to the eastern China has become a significant feature of Chinese economic development. Many studies has proved the effect of external effects of economic agglomeration on macro-regional Economic growth, as well as on the micro-enterprise labor productivity. Meanwhile, as the continuous enrichment and expansion of the new-new trade theory and arise of the new-new economic geography theory in recent years,researches from micro enterprises level on the relationship between agglomeration externality and enterprise trade activities economic activity are hot. So we combine the spatial externality, the new-new trade theory and the global value chain theory together to fully examine the influence of spatial agglomeration on the export participation of China's manufacturing enterprises from two aspects: breadth and depth of export. Firstly, according to theoretical derivation, we analysis the relationship between the breadth and depth of enterprise export participation and the spatial agglomeration. And we believe it shows inverted U-shaped feature and trend due to the shifted dynamic relationship between external economy and market crowding. Then the Heckman two-step model is used to test the non-linear effects of spatial agglomeration in China's 286 prefecture-level cities on the breadth and depth of local manufacturing enterprises'export participation. In this study, export duality margin indicate the breadth of export participation,the domestic value-added ratio of export measures the depth of enterprise export participation. The result shows that the external economic effects of spatial agglomeration can significantly improve the breadth and depth of China's manufacturing enterprises 'export participation, while the crowding effect leads to a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between Chinese firms' export participation and spatial aggregation. But generally, the spatial agglomeration degree of cities in our country has not reached the optimal level,most of the enterprises' export duality margin and domestic value-added ratio of export are still in the stage of expanding with the increase of spatial agglomeration. In addition, after distinguishing enterprises' location, industry and the ownership system, it is found that the influence of spatial agglomeration on the breadth of the export participation of eastern Chinese, capital and technology-intensive and foreign-funded enterprises shows similar inverted U-shaped characteristics; while as with the depth of export, the influence of spatial agglomeration shows similar inverted U-shaped characteristics on eastern Chinese, labor and capital-intensive and non-state-owned enterprises. adjust the layout of industrial space,to achieve the regional spatial agglomeration. In addition, in order to guarantee the robustness and reliability of the results, city bright lighting data is used as the substitution variable of urban agglomeration in the research to check the stability of empirical results. At last, the following policy suggestions are put forward based on theoretical analysis and empirical test results. (1) We should continue to strengthen our country's urbanization construction so as to improve the overall economic activity concentration in Chinese cities. (2) The layout of industrial space should be adjusted to achieve a balanced improvement between the regional spatial agglomeration and enterprises' export participation. (3) Accelerate the technological upgrading of backward industries to reach industrial coordinated development. (4) Deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises to improve the overall level of marketization in China.