| Since the birth of human society,poverty or scarcity has always plagued mankind and become the biggest obstacle to the progress of human society.It can be said that the whole history of human society is essentially a history of human struggle against poverty or deprivation.Poverty is not only the main problems that must be solved in China's rural development,but also the main problems that must be solved in the development process of their own in other developing countries,one of the social problems that must be addressed even in western developed countries.In general,the research of poverty by foreign scholars has gone through the process from the angle of development economics initially to social policy later.The domestic academic circles' s research on China's rural anti-poverty model is almost accordant with the implementation process of the Party and the government's anti-poverty policy,and is basically the follower of research angle of foreign scholars,has also experienced a research path from the perspective of development economics to the perspective of social policy.In order to fight poverty,human beings have long thought about poverty and given their own understanding of poverty,which promote the evolution of the concept of poverty form basic poverty or absolute poverty to relative poverty,from material poverty to social poverty(including rights poverty)and spiritual poverty,from income poverty to asset poverty,capability poverty and consumption poverty.In the research process on the concept of poverty and the changing poverty phenomenon,a variety of anti-poverty theory were formed,Among them,the anti-poverty theory of the asset building is formed in the process of reflection and research on income poverty.American scholar,Michael Sherraden put forward the anti-poverty theory of asset building based on the theory of asset social policy which shows a new way for the study of contemporary poverty problems.Later,Bangladesh scholar,Muhammad Yunus put forward the anti-poverty theory of the asset building which takes the core as small loans theory and social business theory,thus enrich theory of the anti-poverty of the asset building.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,China's countryside from 1949 when new China was established began the war on poverty,So far,nearly 70 years of development,experienced the six stages of development: “the anti-poverty stage based on the basic system construction(1949-1977 years)”,“the anti-poverty stage on the reform of the economic system as the driving force(1978-1985)”,“the anti-poverty stage of oriented the regional development assistance(1986-1993 years)”,“the anti-poverty stage with the content of “87 assault fortified positions(1994-2000 years)”,“the anti-poverty stage aiming at poor village(2001-2010 years)”and “the anti-poverty stage Characterized by precision and assault(2011-2020 years)”.China's countryside in the anti-poverty practice process of different historical periods and different regions is in the formation of a variety of diverse and unique anti-poverty model,which can be divided into three basic types,namely the poverty anti-poverty model on the macro or national level,on the medium or regional level and the microcosmic or county level.According to these,China's rural fight against poverty has made remarkable achievements in the world.Although we think rural poverty history is from 1949 when new Chinese was established,under the absolute leadership of the Central Committee of the CPC and the central government,large-scale and great efforts against poverty began in 1978 when the reform and opening up was started.Since the reform and opening to the outside world,China's rural anti-poverty has made great achievements in the world.China's rural anti-poverty action has made great achievement is because we cannot do without the correct leadership of the party and government leading and their active promotion,also cannot do without the efforts of the people of the whole country,especially the people in the poor area and various effective anti-poverty model which the people in the poor area used.The rich successful experience that was accumulated in China's rural anti-poverty practice in the decades,mainly includes the following two aspects: first,the CPC Central Committee and the central government actively assume responsibility,lead and actively promote;secondly,local Party committees and governments at all levels actively cooperate with classification measures.We believe that overall “lack of hematopoietic function” of the development anti-poverty model of China's rural areas(including the regional development anti-poverty model from 1986 to 1993 and the comprehensive development from 1994 to 2000),resulting from the deep root which lies in the anti-poverty model pays too much attention to farmers' income in poor areas ignore their asset building while the deep root is also one major drawback of the development anti-poverty model of China's rural areas.Only in 2011 so far this malpractice of the development anti-poverty model of China's rural areas largely was overcome.Based on microcredit anti-poverty model theory of Yunus Grameen Bank,we reflect China's Rural Micro Credit anti-poverty model,we think,although most microcredit anti-poverty model copied from Grameen Bank however,compared with Grameen Bank's small loan anti-poverty model,they has obvious deficiencies.First,multiple funding sources but relatively poor operating independence;secondly,the operating efficiency is not high.China's rural anti-poverty model,whether the development anti-poverty model,or microfinance and social enterprise anti-poverty model,in the specific operation of the process,because China's political and economic system are not perfect and the perplexing situation in poor rural areas failed to play its due role to a certain extent,which affected the final effect of rural anti-poverty.Based on Sherraden and Yunus' s anti-poverty theory of asset building and the domestic scholars' s positive results related the thought of the anti-poverty of comprehensive asset building,we have constructed “The anti-poverty theory of comprehensive asset building”,which takes the asset as the core concept,the general theory of asset social policies and its concrete implementation mechanism(individual development accounts,small loan and social business)theories as the main contents.It emphasizes that the asset social policy,microfinance and social business as three basic asset anti-poverty model,their correlative dependence,mutual promotion,mutual support,mutual cooperation constitute a comprehensive system of the asset building anti-poverty model,which play a synergistic role in the anti-poverty practice,thus it is a positive push for Sherraden and Yunus' s anti-poverty theory of asset building.Based on the anti-poverty theory of the comprehensive asset building,we further construct China's rural anti-poverty model of the comprehensive asset building.The construction of China's rural the anti-poverty model of the comprehensive assets building is an inevitable requirement for further development of the China's rural anti-poverty practice,is also a promotion of the China's rural anti-povert strategy for decades,is a positive response to the theoretical and practical exploration of China's rural anti-poverty model of assets building for many years.Our construction of China's rural anti-poverty model of assets building has a solid theoretical basis(i.e.the comprehensive asset building anti-poverty theory)and abundant experience basis(i.e.a variety of successful experience of asset building),has the objective reality basis and the basic principles that must be followed,has the guidance of the development concept and the design of the specific design path.We believe that a smooth and successful construction of China's rural the comprehensive anti-poverty model of assets building will from the following aspects:(1)We always uphold the development idea of social policy for development,strictly abide by the construction principles that were formulated;(2)We adhere to the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the central government and attach importance to the innovative role of local all levels of governments and Party committees;(3)We make other social organizations bring into play a unique role,respect and encourage poor farmers' initiative and creativity;(4)We allow a variety of assets building model to support mutually,cooperate mutually,to play a comprehensive role synergistically.In short,the rural China's comprehensive poverty model assets construction that we should construct refers to “the anti-poverty model of the correct leadership and their active promotion of the CPC Central Committee and the central government,active coordination and the implementation of corresponding policies according to different categories of the local Party committees and government,other social organizations and poor farmers' active participation,and a variety of anti-poverty model such as asset social policy,individual development accounts,microfinance,social business supporting each other,cooperation with each other and their synergistic action”. |
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