| Science and technology are edge tools for a county.Counties rely on them to be stronger;enterprises to making profits and people rely on them to raising living standards.It is crucial to optimize the allocation of resources,improving sci-tech resources allocation efficiency and prompting sci-tech innovation development for"building an innovative China".Severed as a key factor,fiscal decentralization adjusts sci-tech resources in government and non-government department,industrial department and different regions,and,therefore,effects the sci-tech resources allocation efficiency.However,under the circumstance of Chinese fiscal decentralization which characterized by economic allocation and political centralization,local governments tend to draw on advantages and avoid disadvantages in order to maximize their benefits.Their investigations usually focus on infrastructure construction rather than science,education,culture and health.As a result,people do not have the motivation of scientific innovation;sci-tech results cannot be used in reality;sci-tech research activities have many problems such as distribution,closure and repetition.Initially,sci-tech resources allocation efficiency decrease.President Xi said:"We should resolutely remove the institutional obstacles that affect the improvement of scientific and technological innovation,strengthen the channels of science and technology and economic transfer transformation to optimize the supply of sci-tech policies and improve the scientific and technological evaluation system." Nowadays,China's fiscal decentralization system has been restricted the improvement of sci-tech innovation ability and contorted the sci-tech resources allocation.This dissertation analyzes how the fiscal decentralization system influences the sci-tech resources allocation efficiency,then explains the inner reason and mechanism,provides theory to support the decision-making process.It not only has benefits for deepening the reform of Chinese financial system and sci-tech system,but also promotes the construction of "modern fiscal system" and "innovative country".On the other hand,the central government only judged local officials by the increase of GDP,resulting that the local governments cater for the favor of central government,negating the willingness of local citizens by means of ignoring their demand when considering public staffs in order to maximum their profits.Fiscal decentralization is beneficial for the improvement of economical independence,fiscal transparency,decision-making,resources allocation,and driving innovation.Moreover,it also causes many negative effects,such as the unfairness of allocation,overall competition in property,and the potential threats for macro-economical stability.This dissertation advocates that the developing process of Chinese fiscal decentralization mainly experienced three major period:the seeking period under the circumstance of centralism,the practical period under the circumstance of a ruling model which figured by decentralizing power,and the balance period under the circumstance of the system of tax division.These three periods have many typical characteristics and form a Chinese fiscal decentralization system.In this system,on the one hand,the fiscal relation between governments lacks the regulations of Constitution and law.These regulations did not clearly distribute the responsibility between central and local government.Based on the reasons mentioned above and some other relevant factors,the local governments compete fiercely on fiscal spending and revenue among each other.Because of fiscal spending competition,the local governments focuses on developing economic and increasing productive financial expenditure for higher profits as returns,decreasing spending on sci-tech public products.Therefore,the sci-tech resources allocation efficiency hardly improves.Because of fiscal revenue competition,the local governments take preferential policies to attract more capital,human resources and technical innovation activities.Therefore,it provides active influences for sci-tech resources allocation efficiency.Firstly,this dissertation researched the space differences and space-time regularity of fiscal decentralization and sci-tech resources allocation in the country,in regions and in provinces and cities in detail.Firstly,it constructs a fiscal decentralization metric system for financial revenue decentralization,financial expenditure decentralization and the financial independent degree.It also analyzes the Chinese fiscal decentralization situation.The conclusion is that the curve of Chinese fiscal decentralization decreases slowly while the curve of Chinese fiscal spending moves up.In three regions,the eastern area's degree of fiscal decentralization is the highest,while the western part is the lowest.Secondly,based on the slot statistical approach,this dissertation analyzes the situation of sci-tech resources allocation.The conclusion is that the amount of sci-tech human resources,especially the R&D staff,continuously surges up,but the speed is lower than before.The spending of R&D and the national GDP continuously raises while the rate of national fiscal sci-tech spending in total national fiscal spending drops a little bit about 4%.The total number of government science research and developing instructions increases with each passing years slowly.The amount of patent applications and authorizations surges up as well as the turn volume of trading techniques.The amount of imports and outputs of high techniques fall.Thirdly,based on the DEA measurement methods,this paper constructs the two periods of the model of sci-tech resources allocation efficiency,analyzing the situation of sci-tech resources allocation efficiency.The conclusion is that the sci-tech resources allocation efficiency is effective majorly yearly.The eastern regions tends to be stable,maintaining a comprehensive efficiency as a high level.The middle part's efficiency appears to unstable,and its comprehensive efficiency falls comparably.The western part's efficiency stably increases.According to the data of the provinces,different provinces has different sci-tech resources allocation efficiency situations.Compared to effective regions,those regions whose sci-tech resources allocation are ineffective face a problem that is the input of sci-tech is not proportional to its output.Secondly,this paper analyzes the mechanism of science and technology resource allocation efficiency of fiscal decentralization influences the use of logical reasoning and mathematical model,and then separately from the government fiscal expenditure competition and fiscal tax competition,two path examines fiscal decentralization affects the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources.The study found that:(1)Because of the government officials are not completely unreasonable fiscal decentralization system,promotion incentive mechanism and the local government budget management constraints and other reasons,resulting in the formation of inter governmental fiscal expenditure competition.There are great spatial differences in various regions of our country government fiscal expenditure structure and competitive strength,the government fiscal expenditure competition structure average generally shows a gradually rising,while the average competition intensity is decreased year by year,the fiscal decentralization effect on the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources showed a negative effect and significant regional heterogeneity.On the one hand,fiscal expenditure decentralization degree and allocation efficiency of science and technology resources had a significant negative correlation,after joining the government expenditure competition structure and strength variables,fiscal expenditure decentralization and allocation efficiency of science and technology resources still showed a significant negative correlation,and the absolute value of coefficient becomes larger,shows that the fiscal expenditure decentralization degree both direct effect or indirect effect through government spending competition on the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources have a significant negative impact.On the other hand,the government expenditure competition condition,the effect of fiscal expenditure decentralization degree on the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources in the central and western regions is significant,and is significantly negative,while in the eastern region,showed non significant positive correlation,and the size of the effect in the central region was significantly higher than the western region,showing regional heterogeneity the obvious.(2)Due to the tax on the free flow of resources and economic activities have a regulatory role,the vertical division of the characteristics of China's tax revenue and differences in tax policy and other reasons,prompting the formation of tax competition among governments.First of all,there are some spatial differences in the structure of fiscal and tax competition and the intensity of fiscal and tax competition.Before 2007,the mean value of the maximum relative is the eastern region tax competition,western region is the lower,the central region is the lowest;after 2007 rose to the highest level of the western region,the eastern and central regions of a shift in the trend.The intensity of the fiscal and tax competition is increasing year by year,the eastern region has the highest average over the years,followed by the western region,the central region has remained at a low level over the years.Under the government's tax competition,the impact of fiscal decentralization on the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources has a significant positive effect and spatial differences.When considering dynamic system of fiscal and tax competition structure found that fiscal and tax competition structure is the cause of science and technology resource allocation efficiency change;and when considering the tax burden on fiscal competition strength of dynamic systems is found,the intensity of competition is not revenue can cause science and technology resource allocation efficiency,allocation efficiency and fiscal revenue decentralization degree mutual influence of science and technology resources.In addition,analysis of data from the regional perspective,fiscal decentralization has improved technology resource allocation efficiency of the eastern region to a great extent,on the other hand,in a certain extent in the central and western regions of the science and technology resources allocation efficiency of science and technology resources allocation efficiency growth,lead to uneven rate of the regional phenomenon.Last but not least,comparing and learning the fiscal decentralization system and the sci-tech resources allocation from other countries' typical market-oriented economy,this paper also gives some suggestions for the policy based on the above conclusions.China is in economic transition period.With the limits of traditional fiscal theory frame,forming a modern fiscal system is hard,and it is not easy for economic policy to optimize of science and technology resource allocation.The United States.Japan and German are good at taking reasonably fiscal decentralization system and optimizing sci-tech resources allocation.We should learn foreign experience while we adhere to the socialist road with Chinese characteristics.In accord with theories,empirical studies and foreign experience,this paper advocates that optimizing the fiscal decentralization is necessary for sci-tech resource allocation efficiency.It is also necessary to upgrading policies about fiscal decentralization and sci-tech resource allocation efficiency.In order to design the system reasonably,sound policies and regulations of fiscal decentralization and the science and technology resources allocation should be made;the power and responsibilities between different governments should be divided into different hands;the motivational mechanism of local officials should be reformed;and a fiscal sci-tech transformation spending system should be built and reformed.In order to improve the sci-tech resources allocation efficiency by optimizing fiscal sci-tech spending,we should put more strength on spending money on science and technologies;optimizing financial science and technology expenditure structure;optimizing the way we judge officials.In order to promote the development of science and technology innovation,broad level of taxation should be maintained,fiscal and taxation preferential policies should be made,sci-tech innovation development should be promoted in different regions;and the enterprises' ability of innovation should be improved by adjusting tax structure. |
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