Research On Powers And Expenditure Responsibilitiy Between Central And Local Government For Emergency Management

The Modern society is a typical risk society,and the risk is everywhere.The government is the ultimate guarantor of public risk,and emergency management plays an important role in dealing with public risks.The Ministry of Public Finance as the macro-control sector of the economy,has the duty of obligation in emergency management.Public finance plays an important role in emergency management.From our current emergency management reality,we know that financial burden-sharing in the central government and local government is not yet clear.According to the policy mechanism,local governments should take more expenditure responsibilities,which is contrary to fact.Therefore,we should strengthen the intergovernmental fiscal relations research and build a incentive-compatible institutional framework with shared-responsibility.Under the framework,we should clearly define the purviews and expenditure responsibilities,rationalize the financial support,perfect the transfer payment system,in order to improve the level of emergency management and minimize the loss of life and property of the people.The research contents of this paper are as follows:On the basis of defining the relevant concepts,the thesis sketches out the basic framework of the division of responsibilities and expenditure responsibilities between the central government and local government.Then through analyzing the present situation of the division,we reveal these problems that need to be solved.At the same time,we derived the experience of China's inspiration from studying the division of practice in developed countries.Finally,according to the standard and investigate results,lists responsibilities of the various stages in the emergency management,measures the level of regional economic development and disposable financial resources,build a mathematical model to calculate the proportion that local government should bear,and try to design a compatible transfer payment system to mobilize the enthusiasm of the two sides.The innovation of the thesis are mainly reflected in two aspects: First,through theoretical analysis and actual visits,we list the powers responsibilities for emergency management at all stages.Though it may be incomplete,this has not been mentioned in the previous literature.Second,we established an optimization model,which minimize the gap between disposable financial resources and actual spending capacity of a local government in the emergency management,and calculate the proportion of emergency management expenses that the local government undertakes,which provides a scientific evidence for dividing the proportion of expenditure between central and local government.The main conclusions of this thesis are:First,there are some factors that affect the division of powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government in emergency management,such as economic development level,financial management system,regional economic differences,legal tradition,national structure form,government level,natural and resource conditions.In the dividing process,we should adhere to the principles,such as benefit range,efficiency,income spillover,adaptation between power and expenditure responsibilities,incentive compatibility,emergency response level,etc.Second,according to the principle and basis of the division,the central government should take the following constructive affaairs: legal system,emergency reserve,rescue team,equipment for disaster,disaster basic information database,disaster monitoring information system,resettlement and relief of victims,housing for victims and public foundation.The local government should take the following constructive affaairs: emergency reserve and material reserve,emergency shelter and public facilities,emergency education and training,development and maintenance of early warning infrastructure,the establishment of disaster-based information base,the investigation of risk sources,collection and dissemination of warning Information,reconstruction of affected housing and public service facilities,etc.According to the powers,they shoule take expenditure responsibilities.Third,as for the expenditure responsibility on these crossing powers,we calculate the level of regional economic development,disposable financial resources and actual relief expenses.The conclusion shows that the level of economic development is negatively related to the expenditure responsibility of emergency management.The proportion of emergency management expenditure in developed provinces is lower,while it is higher in undeveloped provinces.Fourth,we established an optimization model,which minimize the gap between disposable financial resources and actual spending capacity of a local government in the emergency management,calculate the proportion of emergency management expenses that the local government undertakes.The result shows when the proportion is 29%,the gap between the local government's own disposable financial responsibilities and its own actual expenditure level is minimium.The developed provinces can bear the expenditure proportion is 33%,while the proportion is 30% in moderate developed provinces and 26% in undeveloped provinces.At last,We may consider optimizing financial allocation in emergency management from two aspects of the reserve system and o financial expenditure structure.The main contents include: the establishment of the provincial reserve ratio,encouraging local governments to fully extract the reserve costs,the implementation of the three-year rolling fund-style management,expanding the source of reserve funds,optimizing the expenditure structure at different stages and different areas.