Research On The Spatial Effect Of Innovation Agglomeration

Innovation is the the first driven force.The 19 th National Congress of the CPC proposed clearly to adhere to the development of the concept of innovation,harmony,green,open and sharing,building an innovative country,and proposed that by 2035,China's economy ranks the goal of innovative country.At present Chinese economy has turned from highl speed growth to qualitative growth,and the economic structure has begun to transform and upgrade,which from factor driven and investment driven to innovation driven.Innovation in the economic development status has been hitherto unknown attention.As China's manufacturing industry agglomeration degree unceasing enhancement,the elements of research and development(R&D)and the patent,as the representative of innovation,also appeared the phenomenon of spatial agglomeration.The reason is the restriction of knowledge spillover and spread by space,to strengthen the driven force of innovation to economic growth,we must understand the spatial characteristics and evolution of innovation cluster,and explore the mechanism of the formation and influence of innovation cluster.This paper takes the spatial effect as a starting point,and provides a theoretical explanation of innovation agglomeration,combing with the new economic geography and on the basis of summing up the existing theoretical analysis,and discusses the spatial effects of innovation by using exploratory spatial statistical analysis,spatial econometrics and input-output analysis method.The main conclusions of the article are as follows:Firstly,the spatial effect of the so-called innovation agglomeration,refers to the impacting on innovation pattern in the process of agglomeration in innovation elements,which is because of the external interaction and space between regions.This effect can be divided into two aspects,one is due to the flow of scientific and technical personnel in the area between the mutual influence between the industry forward or backward linkages from the region caused by changes in regional trade conditions;the other is innovation spillover and space feedback effect produced due to the spatial externality.The direct expression of the spatial effect of innovation is the change of the spatial pattern of innovation.A regional innovation output depends not only on the local economy development level,investment,innovation and environmental factors,but also affected by the surrounding regional innovation geographic spillover.Geographical knowledge spillover media will exert a great influence on the distribution of innovation activities based on the spatial and spatial structure of innovation output.Secondly,as the agglomeration of innovation stems from the geographical space constraints of knowledge spillover,the innovation in reality often presents the pattern of agglomeration.While the whole innovation agglomeration process can be interpreted as space radiation effect,absorption effect,the spillover effect,and the interaction of the three effects of innovation.The so-called "innovative space radiation effect" means that the highly concentrated areas of innovation elements can not only enhance their agglomeration level through the cyclic accumulation effect,but also,to a certain extent,form radiation effects on the agglomeration of innovation elements in the surrounding area.The so-called innovative spatial absorption effect refers to the fact that some areas in reality are usually in a unique geographical location.Although these areas have low agglomeration of innovation elements,the innovative elements in the surrounding areas are highly concentrated.The so-called innovation space occlusion effect,refers to the area surrounding the agglomeration degree is low,the center city is difficult to obtain effective feedback of commodity output,technology spillover and industrial transfer from the surrounding city,thereby limiting the ability of rapid promotion center city industry and technology innovation ability.The above three effects interact with each other so that innovation has a natural tendency to gather.Thirdly,the spatial evolution of the innovation pattern,is which in the process of innovation agglomeration,the interaction between different clusters will have a new impact on the existing innovation pattern through the spillover effect and feedback effect of innovation,resulting in new spatial pattern of innovation.The spillover effect and feedback effect can be summed up as the spatial effect of innovation agglomeration.The spillover effect of innovation agglomeration,actually includes three forms: one is the the spatial spillover of innovation agglomeration based on industrial structure,which is usually in the sense of MAR spillover,Porter spillover and Jacobs spillover;The second refers to the innovative space spillover based on the flow of talent,refers to the continuous communication with the people in contact with the people in the space flow,promoting the spread and sharing of innovation in different regions,and providing the possibility for the creation of knowledge.The third refers to the innovation space spillover based on trade and investment.Another spatial effect of innovation agglomeration is the spatial feedback effect of innovation agglomeration,which is because of the spatial interaction between regions.The first is because of the existence of space externality,which makes the innovation produce space interaction when it spilt.The gathering of innovative elements in a certain area will have an impact on the other adjacent areas,and the adjacent areas will be changed after being affected,which will further affect the original area.Second,the trade and communication between regions will directly affect the production process of regional products and knowledge,such as spillover of intermediate products,so as to generate forward or backward links at the level of industrial association.So the change in the final supply or demand of a region will affect other regions,and the other regions will further affect the original region.Fourthly,modeling and analyzing the spatial effect of innovation agglomeration through TP model.It is found that the innovation spillover effect in TP model is mainly reflected in the knowledge relevance between different regions.Tthe intellectuals tend to create more new knowledge in the region with greater intellectual and knowledge stock.When an industry is gathering in a region,it increases the welfare level of workers in the region by reducing the living cost index of the region.With the spillover effect of innovation and the increase of trade freedom,the gap between the workers' utility level will be reduced.The feedback effect of innovation agglomeration is reflected in the impact of the B region on the A region.With the increase of A's knowledge spread to B,the wage of the B region will rise,and innovation efficiency in the B region will improve,intellectuals can produce higher wages and less congestion at the same time in the B production,so that some intellectuals will return.The original "core periphery" structure will gradually evolve into symmetric structure.Another feedback effect of innovation agglomeration can not be directly reflected in the model,but it is also an important variable affecting the model,that is,A and B affect the relative relationship between the two areas because of their intermediate products.This feedback is mainly on the industrial level,with the growth of regional innovation in A,which will affect the demand side of B.Once the B is affected by the A,its wages are bound to rise.And the development and use of intermediate products will improve the efficiency of knowledge innovation in B,So that the intellectuals in A area will return.Meanwhile,the development and utilization of intermediate products in B area will be improved,and the efficiency of knowledge innovation in B area will increase,which will further affect the demand of A,thus forming the feedback effect of innovation agglomeration.Fifthly,the paper analyzes the spatial pattern of innovation agglomeration in China through the method of exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA).In the innovation cluster,the high-high spatial agglomeration is the capital of innovation elements and spatial agglomeration pattern In the aspect of innovation output agglomeration,China's urban innovation output showed a high high spatial agglomeration pattern.In terms of spatial structure of innovation efficiency,there is obvious spatial agglomeration phenomenon in the growth of urban innovation efficiency in China.Sixthly,the influence factors of innovation agglomeration and the measure of space spillover effect show that there is obvious positive spatial spillover effect in urban innovation in China.And the innovation output of our country shows great regional difference,and has obvious spatial gradient difference,which shows that the level of innovation output in the eastern region is greater than that of the central region,which is more than the output level of the western region.And it can be seen that the main driving factors of the innovation output in the eastern and western regions show great differences.At the same time,the paper estimates the spatial feedback effect of innovation,and finds that the feedback effect on the national average is relatively small,and the feedback effect of different factors is not the same.The policy implications of the above conclusions are obvious.First of all,governments at all levels should strengthen policy guidance and create development environment for technological spillovers of innovation agglomeration.When market "invisible hand" is flawed,we must rely on the visible hand of the government to make up for it.The government has played an indispensable role in promoting the agglomeration of innovation and promoting the technology spillover.Secondly,we should focus on narrowing the regional gap of technology spillover from innovation.From the perspective of the trend of innovation agglomeration,manufacturing industry in the eastern region will gradually become saturated,but there is still room for improvement in the middle,Western and northeast areas.Finally,we need to take measures to improve the efficiency of regional technological innovation,strengthen the intensity of intellectual property protection,promote innovation in basic research and technology transformation,attach importance to human capital investment and foster entrepreneurship.