Research On The Thoughts Of Relationship Between Heaven And Man In Northern Song Dynasty

Heaven-man relationship is one of the central propositions in the ancient Chinese ideological system.It reflects the ancient people's understanding of Heaven,and the way to handle the relationship between man and heaven,containing scientific and reasonable components and superstitious and absurd content.Meanwhile,the issue of heaven-man relationship was a complex and macroscopic proposition with deep connotation and broad extension,including the cognition of natural ontology and covering the discussion on social order.The proposition also presents diversified characteristics in the chronological dimension.From the Pre-Qin period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,philosophers and scholars of past generations have discussed and interpreted the proposition from multiple perspectives on the basis of complicated political background and vastly different thinking and concepts.While after thousands of years of accumulation and deposit in the Han and Tang Dynasties,the reasonable thinking level of ancient Chinese matured in the Northern Song Dynasty,laying a ideological foundation for the summit of science in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.After systematic sorting of the ideas on the relationship between heaven and man during the Northern Song Dynasty,it is found that there is still space for further expansion in terms of the research in this field.After the Western Han Dynasty,against the historical background of the reconstruction of Confucianism by Dong Zhongshu,there was an abrupt surge in the importance attached to the phenomena of auspicious signs and disastrous anomalies.The main reason is that its quintessential attribute is the derivative of heaven-man induction thought in real society.Therefore,the concept of auspicious signs and disastrous anomalies phenomenon was endowed with multiple attributes by ancient people,and it has all kinds of connections with the concept of heaven-man relationship and ideas,with the former being the reflection of the latter in reality.On the basis of sorting out the interrelationship between the two completely,the article starts with the depiction of auspicious signs and disastrous anomalies in the Northern Song Dynasty,through the reorganization of relevant historical materials and research literature,with the research methods of unifying historical materials evidence and logical analysis,depiction of macro picture,mid-scopic group research and micro case analysis are adopted for the summing up,reorganization,analysis and synthesis of concepts,ideas,theories,thoughts and demonstration related to heaven-man relationship thinking in classical books;political history,science history and ideological history among other existing and mature ideas and theories in disciplines are used to investigate relevant literature and information for investigation,comparison and commentary.The paper also demonstrates the influence of auspicious signs and disastrous anomalies on various fields in the society of the Northern Song Dynasty from political history,systematic history,literary and cultural history among other dimensions while analyzing the multiple intersections of heaven-man relationship ideas in the Northern Song Dynasty,trying to restore and conclude the exploration process and main characteristics of the exploration of heaven-man relationship ideas by scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty,before making value judgement on the above-mentioned information as objectively as possible.The main content of the paper includes:1.Fully reorganize and investigate the development history and source change of auspicious signs and disastrous anomalies and heaven-man induction theory before the Northern Song Dynasty.Point out that from Pre-Qin period to the Western Han period,with the functioning of religious spirit worship and philosophy of destiny among other factors,heaven-man induction theory was gradually solidified as the mainstream ideas of ancient feudal political philosophy.From the Western and Han Dynasties to Tang and Five Dynasties,although there was criticism of different levels,the thought was always the core and main idea of ruling the country with Confucianism.2.Fully sort out the general condition of the auspicious incidents and phenomenon in the Northern Song Dynasty with main historical materials.While describing and reorganizing the various auspicious things in the dynasty,the heaven-man induction idea at the time is also combined for relevant analysis and interpretation.Three characteristics of the auspicious phenomena during the Northern Song Dynasty are generalized.It is also pointed out that the building of auspicious signs in the government of the Northern Song Dynasty exerted certain influence on politics,economy,military affairs and diplomacy.3.Analyse the cognitive ways of disasters and anomalies by emperors and powerful subjects in the Northern Song Dynasty,in particular,the political tool attribute of disasters and anomalies is stressed——it can be employed by emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty to drive officials and regulate the government and by subject groups to restrain imperial power and attack political enemies.On this basis,this article points out that due to the powerful influence of traditional heaven-man induction theory and disaster warning theory in the Northern Song Dynasty,its government showed diversifying characteristics in the measures of coping with disasters.4.Select Han Qi,Fan Zhongyan,Ouyang Xiu,Wang Anshi,"Su Shi,Su Zhe,Su Xun",Shao Yong,Zhang Zai and "Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi" as typical cases,investigate how the politician groups in the Northern Song Dynasty used the method of commentaries and subcommentaries of Confucius classics to inquire thoughts of relationship between heaven and man,and employed scientific principles such as heaven-man relationship thinking in political operation flexibly;analyze the essence and traits of heaven-man relationship thinking among scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty;point out the important role played by heaven-man relationship idea in the rejuvenation and reconstruction of Confucianism,birth and development of the Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties.Fully analyze and conclude the characteristics of the auspicious phenomena and disastrous viewpoints in the Northern Song Dynasty,and summarize three characteristics in heaven-man relationship ideas held by scholars of the dynasty:firstly,in terms of the issue of heaven-man relationship,Confucian scholars diverged greatly on interpreting the disasters and anomalies,there were even self-contradictions,and the historical causes for the phenomenon are emphaticaly analyzed;secondly,heaven-man induction theory was interwoven with the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty,the influence of the former on the latter hasn't been separated and eliminated;thirdly,in the process of following and studying the issue of heaven-man relationship,many Confucian scholars represented by Shao Yong,Zhang Zai,Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao emerged,and their heaven-man relationship thoughts played an important role in the process of constructing the Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties.