| The high-n Rydberg atoms have large induced electric dipole moments,which play an important role in quantum information and quantum computing research.The Rydberg atom in the external field has a large induced electric dipole moment,and the interaction between the atom and the external electric field is very strong.It is easy to use the external electric field to control the macroscopic motion of the Rydberg atom.Because of the large electric dipole moment of the Rydberg atoms,the dynamical properties of atoms in the gradient electric field can be observed.In this paper,the Rydberg sodium atom is chosen to study its spectral characteristics and kinetic properties in the external field,which lays the foundation for the follow-up study.In addition,the interaction between Rydberg atom and the external field is studied experimentally and theoretically,respectively.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)Using the exact quantum defect theory,we calculate the scaled spectrum of the atom in external field.The semi-classical calculations can explain the recurrence spectra of alkali atom very well,but for alkali metals with complex valence electrons,such as barium atoms,it is difficult to explain because the quantum defect varies irregularly with the principal quantum number n.The quantum calculations,taking the energy-dependent quantum defects into account,can give a pleasing explanation for the real experimental observations.It hints that the dependence of quantum defects on principle quantum number n,can also distort the orbit of the valence electron and change the corresponding recurrence spectrum.(2)The investigation of the dynamics of Rydberg sodium atoms in a pure electric field.Sodium atoms in the highly excited Rydberg state will be subjected to a force when flying in an inhomogeneous electric field,which makes the atoms have observable dynamic properties in the gradient field.Experimentally,we designed a multistage separator to realize the acceleration and deceleration of Rydberg sodium atoms in gradient electric field.Using imaging technology,we can directly observe the deflection of sodium atoms in the gradient electric field.In theory,we calculate the dipole moment of sodium atom changing with the external field by analyzing its Stark map.According to the Hamiltonian canonical equation,we calculated the dynamic process of interaction between atom and external field.It reveals that different Rydberg states can be distinguished by the acceleration,deceleration and deflection effects of atoms in gradient electric field.(3)The investigation of the dynamics of Rydberg atomic quantum state in cross field.The dipole moment symbols of sodium atoms are reversed near the anti-crossing point,which is not conducive to the regulation of dipole dynamics between atoms.In the experiment,we add a vertical magnetic field to the atom in the electric field,which destroyed the symmetry of the atom and weakened the anti-crossing degree of the atom,so that the atoms can still tunneled from a quantum state to the state with the same dipole polarity in a slower field control time,ensuring that the symbol of the induced electric dipole moment remains unchanged.In theory,we establish a quantum method of state evolution for the interaction of multilevel systems.Using this method,we give the quantum state dynamics process of sodium atom in the cross field and the macroscopic motion of sodium atom in the external field,which explains the experimental results perfectly.It is found that the atomic level symmetry breaking enhances the Landau-Zener tranzitions of sodium atom.In this paper,we study the interaction between the high Rydberg state of sodium atom and the field by using the properties of the large dipole moment of Rydberg atom,and give a clear physical process of the dynamic evolution of the quantum state of Rydberg atom.On the basis of previous studies,we will study the dipole-dipole interaction between atoms to realize the dipole blockade of high Rydberg atoms at room temperature. |
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