Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of Mycena In China

Mycena(Pers.)Roussel is one of the largest agaric fungi with more than 500 species all over the world.Most of the Mycenas are saprophytic fungi and mainly found in the north temperate zone.Considerable attention has been given to the edibility,medicinal effect,traces of poison and germination of Gastrodia in Mycena.It is considered difficult to be identified on account of the large number of species.The infrageneric classification proposed by Maas Geesteranus in the 19 th century has been widely adopted.Mycena was treated as type genus of Mycenaceae has dawned gradually with the rise of molecular systematics which takes a new turn of taxonomy.But due to the large scale of phylogeny,lacking of samples and cognitive imperfection,the infrageneric classification and phylogeny relationship with allied genera were ambiguous,and there were existed controversial opinions in some groups.Based on the large scale collection of sepcimens of Mycena in China,this study aimed to carry out the morphological and phylogenetic studies adhering to the concept of polyphasic taxonomy.Toltal of 798 specimens,452 specimens collected by the author and 346 specimens from domestic herbaria,were examined.56 taxa of Mycena belonging to 23 sections were indentified and the keys of sections and species,description of macroscopic and microscopic characters,habitat photographs,drawings were provided.Based on the the names had been reported in the literature,5 taxa were verified and 8 taxa were excluded from China,then 11 names required textual criticism.Based on the study of taxonomy,sect.Amparoina T.Bau & Q.Na was described as new section.There are 12 new species had been published or will be published,M.adnexa T.Bau & Q.Na,M.bicystidiata T.Bau & Q.Na,M.castaneicola T.Bau & Q.Na,M.ceracea T.Bau & Q.Na,M.dealbata T.Bau & Q.Na,M.entolomoides T.Bau,M.griseotincta T.Bau & Q.Na,M.hyalinostipitata T.Bau & Q.Na,M.hygrophoroides T.Bau & Q.Na,M.miscanthi T.Bau & Q.Na,M.pluteoides T.Bau & Q.Na,and M.substylobates T.Bau & Q.Na.In addition,16 new record species are M.algeriensis Maire,M.amygdalina(Pers.)Singer,M.aurantiidisca(Murrill)Murrill,M.citrinomarginata Gillet,M.flavoalba(Fr.)Quél.,M.floridula(Fr.)Quél.,M.flos-nivium Kühner,M.heteracantha(Singer)Desjardin,M.hiemalis(Osbeck)Quél.,M.interrupta(Berk.)Sacc.,M.maculata P.Karst.,M.pearsoniana Dennis ex Singer,M.purpureofusca(Peck)Sacc.,M.semivestipes(Peck)A.H.Sm.,M.silvae-nigrae Maas Geest.& Schw?bel,M.speirea(Fr.)Gillet,M.strobilinoidea Peck,and M.zephirus(Fr.)P.Kumm..Total of 252 dataset of ITS belong to 8 genera were selected to reveal the phylogenetic position of Mycena and phylogenetic relationship of Mycenaceae by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods in the study of phylogeny.The result showed that the two trees had the same topology.Mycenaceae composed of Cruentomycena,Favolaschia,Panellus,Resinomycena,Roridomyces,Xeromphalina forming monophyletic clades as sister groups with Mycena which was a polygenic genus,and the limit of Hemimycena was not clear.Multi-locus of ITS,nLSU,and SSU were used to re-confirmed by the analysis of Mycena to confirm the large-sample phylogenetic tree that Mycena was not monophyly.A three-gene dataset analyzed by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods shows that the tree can be divided into 2 major groups,basidiospores amyloid clade and basidiospores non-amyloid clade,refined into 7 clades,and all new taxa were supported with high statistical value.The phylogenetic results were consistent with morphological classification basically,while individual sections and species could not supported by phylogenetic analysis which indicates that polygeny and rich variation in species level.