Functional Properties Of Main Components From Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Essential Oil And Its Microencapsulation

In this work,antioxidant,antitumor,anti-diabetic and antibacterial activities and mechanism of y-terpinene and p-menta-1,4-dien-7-al,the main components of cumin(Cuminum cyminum L.)essential oil,were investigated of.Then microencapsulation of cumin essential oil was studied.The main results and conclusions were as follows:(1)The results of acute toxicity demonstrated that cumin essential oil was of low toxicity.LD50 for male and female mice,with the symptoms of ataxia and dyspnea,were 2524.775 mg/kg and 2007.455 mg/kg,respectively.(2)Free radicals and reactive oxygen species(ROS)were suppressed by y-terpinene.Fluorescence intensity was decreased based on the results of cellular antioxidant activity(CAA)assay.The mass concentration of y-terpinene was 0.22 mg/mL when CAA value was 50.In the experimental model of oxidative stress induced by H2O2,y-terpinene could significantly increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes(T-SOD,GSH-Px,CAT)and content of GSH(P<0.05).On the other hand,content of MDA was decreased significantly(P<0.05),which was similar with the results in vivo.(3)p-menta-1,4-dien-7-al could significantly increase the activity of natural killer cell and decrease the level of TNF-a,IL-1β and IL-6(P<0.05),however,the inhibitory effect to tumor growth in nude mice allograft model was not significant(P>0.05).Also The results indicated that immunity and inflammatory microenvironment were improved by p-menta-1,4-dien-7-al.(4)In 3T3-L1 adipocytes model,y-terpinene could significantly increase the level of insulin receptor and 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(P<0.05).Expression of PPARy and C/EBPa mRNA were also significantly improved(P<0.05).In diabetic rat model induced by streptozotocin(STZ), γ-terpinene could significantly decrease the level of glycosylated hemoglobin(P<0.01),triglyceride(P<0.05),cholesterol(P<0.05),and improve the level of insulin(P<0.05).(5)In antibacterial study,cumin essential oil and p-menta-1,4-dien-7-al showed better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli,Shigella flexneri,Penicillium and Aspergillus flavus compared with other bacteria and fungi by evaluating the diameter for inhibitory zone,minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC).Then the relative electrical conductivity of Escherichia coli,Shigella flexneri,Penicillium and Aspergillus flavus treated with cumin essential oil and p-menta-1,4-dien-7-al were measured.Morphology of the microorganism was also observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).Results indicated that membrane permeability of cells was changed and destroyed after treatment of cumin essential oil and p-menta-1,4-dien-7-al.The micrographs of the cell illustrated aberrant morphology such as shrinkage,partial distortion,depletion of cytoplasm.(6)In the study of cumin essential oil microencapsulation,the optimal process was improved by single-factor experiments.The wall material was composed of starch sodium octenylsuccinate and maltodextrin,with the ratio of 1:1(the solid content was 10%and the oil content was 25%).The microcapsule product was obtained by spray-drying.The final product was white powder and morphology observed by SEM showed that the product had uniform particles and compact structure.