Research On Energy And Environmental Issues Of China's Heavy Industry Under The Background Of Industrial Restructuring

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China's heavy industry has experienced a rapid development due to the“heavy industry prior developing”strategy.As most sectors of heavy industry are energy-intensive,and with the characteristics of high energy consumption and high emissions,so its rapid development has brought a series of resource and environmental issues.As people pay more attention to energy conservation,emission reduction and environmental pollution control,issues such as industrial structure adjustment and reducing the excessive capacity of energy-intensive industries have also been constantly mentioned,and heavy industry has also become the target of public criticism due to its enormous energy consumption and pollutant emissions.However,the adjustment of industrial structure takes time and efforts,both the current development level of our national economy and the tasks to be faced in the future development should be considered synthetically,whether an industry's production capacity is surplus or not needs to be considered in the long-term development,as overcapacity caused by cyclical fluctuations in the economy may be temporary rather than permanent,and the adjustment of energy structure needs to take into account factors such as resource endowment,energy security and cost.Against this background,this article attempts to explore the role and status of heavy industry in China's national economy from the perspective of energy and environment,discussing the development path of China's heavy industry in the future in order to provide some reference for the formulation of relevant industrial development policies.This paper mainly shows the current situation of China's energy consumption and industrial structure,clarifies the status of heavy industry in China's industrial structure and energy consumption structure,analyzes the impact of industrial structure dominated by heavy industry on the environment.At the same time,the real energy consumption of various industries has been analyzed based on the input-output adjustment,which attempts to illuminate the status of heavy industry from the perspective of the whole industry chain and estimate the amount of energy consumption which has been transferred from heavy industry to other industries through intermediate products.The productivity of heavy industry has also been estimated from the perspective of input-output analysis.On this basis,this article further analyzes the own price elasticity of energy consumption and the inter-fuel and inter-factor substitution elasticities of China's heavy industry,which can be used to estimate the energy-saving and emission reduction potential of heavy industry.The main conclusions drawn in this paper are as follows:First,the energy consumption in China is highly concentrated in heavy industry.When the economy fluctuates,it will have a greater impact on national energy consumption because heavy industry is more sensitive to the macroeconomic situation.However,due to the relatively low proportion of heavy industry in GDP,the impact on economic growth is relatively small.Therefore,it will cause a divergence between economic growth and energy consumption growth.Second,the environmental pollution of each province in China has obvious spatial correlation,which means that one area with serious environmental pollution is more likely to be surrounded by areas with serious environmental pollution.The environmental pollution among provinces in China showed an obvious inverted N-type relationship with the level of economic development.The GDP per capita at the two turning points of the inverted N-type curve were 19,700 yuan and 50,610 yuan respectively.At the same time,the industrial structure dominated by heavy industry has led to a positive correlation between the proportion of secondary industry and the environmental pollution.However,improving the proportion of R&D investment can significantly improve the quality of the environment.Third,although heavy industry sectors,including energy and raw materials production,were the major energy consumer in China in terms of direct energy consumption,the energy consumption of these traditional energy-intensive industries was largely transferred to the downstream sectors,and the construction industry including realty industry and a large amount of government-led infrastructure has become the sector with the highest energy consumption,the energy consumption of other high-end manufacturing industries in the downstream of the industry chain and service industry were also relatively high.Fourth,this paper constructed the calculation framework of total factor productivity from the perspective of green GDP,analyzed the transfer of natural resource depletion in various industries,and calculated the total factor productivity of China's heavy industry from the perspective of production and consumption.The result shows that the real total factor productivity of China's heavy industry has shown an overall upward trend after deducting energy consumption and natural resource depletion transferred to other industries through intermediate products.Fifth,coal and petroleum prices have a significant negative impact on the energy intensity of heavy industry.At the same time,the declining share of state-owned enterprises and the increasing ration of industrial concentration can significantly reduce the energy intensity of heavy industry.Through appropriate policy choices,heavy industry has a great energy saving potential.At the same time,the input factors for heavy industry are all substitutable.The elasticity of substitution between energy and labor is larger,while the substitution between energy and capital is relatively small.In general,the rapid development of China's heavy industry has a great relationship with the current environmental pollution and the ever-increasing energy consumption.In particular,it needs to bear great responsibility for the current environmental pollution.However,we should not ignore the contribution of heavy industry to the economy,especially the heavy industry's fundamental role in the entire national economy.Improving the quality of the environment can be achieved through the development and implement of more stringent emission standards,and strengthening R&D and innovation to improve energy efficiency,rather than simply cutting the tentatively surplus production capacity.Historically,as the economy rebounds cyclically,industries with overcapacity may soon become underpowered industries.Therefore,industrial development policies should be fully considered to avoid falling into the cycle of overcapacity and shortage of capacity.