| Construction safety has always been one of the problems that affect the development of the construction industry.On the one hand,the scale of complex buildings in the country has been expanding year by year.On the other hand,the identification and control of dangerous sources in the construction process is a complex and dynamic process.The current technical means management method has been difficult to guarantee,Efficiency,and prevention and control measures are not in place.The subjective reasons can not meet the requirements of further reducing the accident rate.At the same time,construction safety information and knowledge are often scattered in safety regulations,accident statistics and engineering experience.In this case,how to structure the knowledge of the hazard identification in the expert experience and norms,and the automatic identification of the risk through the computer will have great theoretical research and engineering practice value,and the building information model(Building Information Modeling,BIM)Appeared to provide an opportunity for this.This study analyzes the causes of the construction safety accidents from the perspective of the life cycle,finds out the internal rules of the links and the prevention and treatment of the dangerous sources at all stages,analyzes the relationship between design,construction and safety,and put forward the prevention and control of dangerous sources to eliminate construction safety accidents in the early stages of the project.Therefore,this paper first summarizes the current construction safety management defects and research trends,combined with BIM technology in the field of construction safety applications to build a base BIM construction site hazard management logic model architecture,and the application mechanism is designed from two aspects of BIM-Enable rules,automatic security inspection and automatic job risk analysis based on BIM.And discusses the integration mechanism of BIM and safety rules and ontology,which not only make up for the lack of automatic design tool for the design of the square,also can make the participants better participate,to provide protection for the safety of construction design and construction scheme of the preparation stage.Secondly,the knowledge of safety management is formalized,and the safety is incorporated into BIM.In the design stage and the pre construction planning,the recognition and prevention of hazard based on operational activity level is promoted.Construction of safety knowledge ontology for construction of hazard management to organize,store and reuse construction safety knowledge.It puts forward the model of hazard management knowledge frame semantic construction based on ontology,and establish the examination and prevention of the dangerous source for construction safety management of three types of meta ontology,semantic constraints established expression model,the inspection points of safety norms and requirements can be set to such as construction task planning work process.Support the construction process in the specification of the key nodes of knowledge review.Through the increase of knowledge sharing and reuse potential to standardize building safety knowledge and strengthen the building safety management process.Finally,the thesis discusses the process of reducing construction risk by integrating ontology with BIM,and verifies the feasibility of the application of typical hazard sources in the three types of hazard:(1)According to the construction of the mechanism and framework,to the edge of the hole and door height identification of dangerous source as an instance,automatic identification of construction hazard analysis model building algorithm and process development,and derive the required parameters data in application of safety rules.(2)Based on the developed framework,an ontology based automatic JHA is formed in the BIM prototype.The prototype of the introduction of automated based on the existing manpower and experience in JHA process,and allows users to apply different JHA set in the construction of information model;and the structure of column operation process as an example,the preventive measures of model execution rules of visualization.The prototype allows security engineers or managers to implement automatic safety plans at the initial stage of the project to further assist the relevant personnel in decision-making.(3)The research of activity based spatial visualization and conflict identification method is used to study the dangerous sources of intersecting activities.The location tracking data of the staff collected by the positioning technique deals with the activity based workspace parameters.Finally,taking the space between material handling space and construction staff as an example,the automatic work space analysis and job hazard analysis are discussed by introducing the workspace parameters into the ontology and connecting the ontology with the BIM.The results show that BIM can identify,record,analyze and prevent potential security risks.This study combines construction safety with the current BIM workflow,and can identify and prevent hazards in the early stage of project planning.The ontology created shows its potential to facilitate the integration of security knowledge with the construction process,and can be used as an extensible and sharable repository for various other risk analyses.In addition,the developed safety analysis prototype can be used as the daily safety oriented training material for the construction site to improve the safety awareness of the workers by understanding the specific safety problems and preventive control measures. |
PDF Full Text Request