| Chinese cigarettes possessing core technologies,are cigarettes with unique aroma and taste,including Chinese-style flue-cured cigarettes and Chinese-style mixed cigarettes.They meet the potential needs of Chinese cigarette consumers,and are mainly made from domestic tobacco leaves.They are different from other cigarettes,such as American,British and Japanese cigarettes,with obviously rich aroma and taste characteristics of Chinese tobacco leaves.Cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance,represented by Yunnan cigarettes,are favored by many consumers because of their prominent aroma.In fact,more than 40 million cigarette cases are sold in China and cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance account for more than a half.Although,there are many studies on the relationship between the chemical composition and the characteristics of cigarettes,the mechanism of cigarettes aroma,based on the special geography and single category characteristics of the faint-scent cigarettes has not yet been well documented.Studying the aroma-making mechanism of the fragrance-type cigarettes and find out the correlation between the inherent chemical components and the aroma characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco could not only provide effective measures and scientific basis for the development and production of the fragrance-type flue-cured tobacco,but also establish the corresponding methods of aroma compensation and enhancement.Therefore,technological means to reconcile the chemical composition of the internal balance in tobacco leaves as well as to increase the available type of tobacco and enhance international competitiveness of Chinese tobacco and cigarette products are of great significance.In this study,the mainstream smoke components of eight best-selling cigarettes(two of which are typical cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance)were evaluated by mainstream GC-MS,GC-O and electronic nose(EN).Moreover,PLSR was used to analyze the contribution of sugars,alkaloids,organic acids,amino acids and metal ions in the cigarettes to the style characteristics of the faint-scent cigarettes.Then,the fingerprint of the fragrance-style cigarettes was established and demonstrated.Finally,the modification and strengthening methods were found to improve the flavor characteristics of the faint-scent cigarettes.Furthermore,the main chemical components in tobacco leaves were evaluated,classified and quantitatively tested;subsequently,the correlation model between the chemical components of mainstream smoke and sensory indexes was established by PLSR.Additionally,the contribution of chemical components in the mainstream smoke to the sensory quality was analyzed and the aroma components with the greatest impact on sensory index was further explored.Results showed that the characteristic style of cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance represented by Yunnan tobacco,is a comprehensive sensory performance of freshness,floral and sourness.The correlation of cigarette smoke compounds of eight cigarette brands was evaluated by PLSR,and results showed that the freshness note was significantly and positively correlated to 2,3-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and megastigmatrienone(B).In addition,the freshness note was significantly but negatively correlated to methyl hexadecanoate,palmitic acid ethyl ester,megastigmatrienone(A,C),4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylacetophenone,furfuryl alcohol and oleic acid.Whereas,the acidic note was significantly but negatively correlated to furfurylformate,3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one,furfuryl alcohol,oleic acid and 5-methyl furfural.Furthermore,the flowery note was significantly and positively correlated to crotonic acid.However,palmitic acid ethyl ester and megastigmatrienone(A)showed significant but negative correlation to the flowery note.The contribution of aroma precursors in Chinese faint-scent cigarettes was evaluated.The contribution of sugars,tobacco alkaloids,organic acids,amino acids and metal ions in tobacco leaves to the characteristics aroma of cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance was analyzed by PLSR.Results showed that there was a strong correlation between sugar and acidic components,but weak correlation with freshness and floral components.Glucose and sucrose have shown a significant contribution to sourness.Moreover,amino acids,organic acids and metal ions also had a significant impact on the characteristic aroma of Chinese-style cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance:Proline significantly affected the freshness and floral notes,leucine significantly affected the sour note,palmitic acid and stearic acid contributed to freshness,lauric acid and palmitic acid contributed significantly to the floral components,whereas,Na~+and acidity were negatively correlated.Furthermore,SDE/GC-MS and electronic nose were used to establish the standard fingerprinting and electronic nose radar fingerprinting of faint-scent cigarettes for the rapid identification of faint-scent cigarettes and the prediction of the characteristic aroma components of different types of cigarettes.The SDE/GC-MS results showed that the similarity between six different specifications and the standard fingerprint was higher and the values'similarity of six kinds of non-faint-scent cigarettes samples were not within the range of similarity of the faint-scent cigarettes fingerprint.This indicated that the standard fingerprint of the cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance had a higher accuracy for the sample judgment.Additionally,the electronic nose radar fingerprints of the faint-scent cigarettes were established by electronic nose analysis.Six domestic non-faint-scent cigarettes samples were evaluated,and six kinds of non-faint-scent cigarettes were found to be outside the acceptable region in statistical quality control(SQC).Moreover,the significant differences between fragrance and non-faint-scent cigarettes were revealed,which is consistent with the results of similarity calculation.Conclusively,the SDE/GC-MS fingerprints and electronic nose radar fingerprints of the cigarettes with green and fresh fragrance have shown good practicability and could be used to distinguish the characteristics of the faint-scent cigarettes and control the quality and stability of the cigarettes.Furthermore,sensory evaluation was carried out for two groups of cigarettes;one with the formulated cigarettes without casing and fragrance as the blank group,and the treated group which is consisted of formulated cigarettes with casing and fragrance.Results showed that all attributes(freshness,floral,acid fragrance,aftertaste,elegance,persistence,delicateness)of sensory profile were significantly increased after treatment of casing and fragrance,compared to the commercial fragrance-type cigarettes;however,freshness,floral,and sour attributes were still weaker than those of commercial fragrance-type cigarettes.Additionally,GC-MS was applied to evaluate the volatile components for the blank group and the cigarettes with casing and fragrance.Results showed that 27 volatile components that had floral and sweet aroma were not detected in the blank group.Based on the PLSR analysis,the aroma-type cigarette was successfully optimized and improved through aroma compensation and strengthening.According to the PLSR analysis,compounds such as metotrienone(B),?-dihydrotamarone which had positive effect on flavor style,and ethyl palmitate,furfuralcohol which had negative effect on the flavor style,were added to the blank group respectively,for sensory evaluation.We have found that the sensory evaluation results were consistent with those of PLSR analysis.Moreover,metotrienone(B),?-dihydrotamarone were added to the treated group to verificate the PLSR analysis,proving that PLSR analysis was correct and effective in ascertaining the effect of certain compounds in cigarettes.Results also revealed that the rational combination of Peru extract,?-dihydrotamarone,phenylethyl phenylacetate,metotrienone(B)and lauric acid could increase the sweet aroma of the cigarette and make the fragrance more elegant.Additionally,Electronic nose analysis showed that the modified group presented stronger fragrance than the commercial fragrance-type cigarettes;hence,these findings could be applied to the formulation and development of fragrance-type cigarettes for weak-style cigarettes strengthening. |
PDF Full Text Request