Study On The Influence Of Environmental Regulation On Economic Growth In Northeast China

Environmental regulation is the general name of various laws,regulations,policies and measures on environmental protection formulated and implemented by our government.During the 300 years since the Industrial Revolution,industry has developed rapidly,creating huge productivity,and a large number of people have swarmed into cities,which makes the problems of global environmental pollution and ecological damage increasingly serious.In the 1950 s,environmental problems seriously threatened the survival and development of human beings,forcing human beings to pay attention to the solution of environmental problems.Environmental regulation is the necessary measure we take to dispose the wastes generated in the economic and social development and to protect the ecological environment on which we live.It can be seen that environmental pollution,environmental regulation and economic growth are closely linked,and the study on the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth is increasingly becoming a hot topic in economic research.In view of this,many domestic and international scholars have made qualitative and quantitative researches on the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth from different perspectives by applying various theories and methods.Scholars have found that environmental regulation has both " innovation compensation" effect and "compliance cost" effect on economic growth.The dual effect has an impact on economic growth at the same time,either promoting economic growth or slowing economic growth.The relationship between them is not a simple linear relationship.As China's old industrial base,Northeast China has issued a series of policies and regulations on environmental regulation in recent years,but environmental protection is still confronted with many problems.On the one hand,the economic growth in Northeast China slows down.On the other hand,with the improvement of eco-environmental protection standards and the implementation of strict environmental supervision responsibility system,the intensity of environmental regulation is continuously increasing.So how to handle the relationship between ecoenvironmental protection and economic development? How to realize the coordinated development of eco-environmental protection and economic growth under double pressure? Does environmental regulation in Northeast China affect economic growth? Is this kind of influence positive or negative? How great will the influence be? This is a difficult problem encountered in the process of development and practice in Northeast China and an important topic that many scholars urgently need to study and solve.The main content of this paper is divided into the following parts:Firstly,in order to fully understand the evolution and current situation of environmental regulation in the northeast region,according to the initial stage,start-up stage,development stage and perfection stage of environmental regulation in the northeast region,the introduction involves the evolution process of environmental protection institutions,environmental protection policies and regulations,legislation and other aspects in the northeast region after the establishment of People's Republic of China.On this basis,the characteristics of environmental regulation in the northeast region are summarized.First,the proportion of local environmental protection regulations in the whole country is on the rise.Second,local legal system for environmental protection has been initially established.Third,there are various types of local environmental protection laws and regulations and their development is imbalanced.At last,the fight against crimes of destroying environmental resources becomes fairly intense.Secondly,the empirical analysis model method is introduced.First,in the selection of environmental regulation intensity measurement method,this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of subjective weighting method and objective weighting method,and forms the opinion that subjective weighting method has some disadvantages such as large randomness and unstable analysis results,and selects factor analysis method and entropy method as two objective weighting methods for environmental regulation intensity measurement.The second is to introduce two panel threshold regression models,single threshold model and double threshold model,and point out that studying the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth in northeast China by choosing panel threshold regression model,a non-linear model,can better reflect the real changes among variables.Thirdly,it measures the intensity of environmental regulation in northeast China based on factor analysis method.First,referring to the research results and data availability of relevant scholars applying factor analysis method to the intensity of environmental regulation,the 2016 data of 10 indicators with greater relevance to environmental regulation in 31 provinces in China are selected from the relevant Statistical Yearbook to analyze the current situation of the intensity of environmental regulation in Northeast China and its ranking in the whole country.Second,based on factor analysis,the average distance connection method between groups is selected for cluster analysis,and the national environmental regulation intensity is divided into four categories,of which Heilongjiang province belongs to the third category and Jilin province and Liaoning province belong to the fourth category.Fourthly,it is about empirical analysis of the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth in northeast China.The first is to study the changes of environmental regulation intensity in northeast China from 1990 to 2015.Due to the changes in statistical caliber and lack of data,it cannot continue to use the data indicators used in factor analysis.It selects three alternative indicators from the input and performance indicators of environmental regulation,and measures the environmental regulation intensity in northeast China on the basis of entropy method.The second is to establish a panel threshold regression model to study the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth in northeast China with environmental regulation intensity as the core explanatory variable,and with economic growth rate as the explanatory variable,and with material capital,human capital,technological progress,government expenditure scale,degree of nationalization,industrial structure etc.as control variables.Fifthly,it is about the empirical analysis of the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta region and conducts the comparative study with that of the northeast region.By using the panel data from 1990 to 2015 in the Yangtze River Delta region,which is relatively highly opened to the outside world and relatively developed in economy,a panel threshold regression model is established to empirically study the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta region,and compare the results of the empirical study with those of northeast region horizontally,so as to provide reference for clarifying the future improvement direction of environmental protection policies and regulations in the northeast region and formulating environmental protection policies and regulations.The research conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,the results,based on the factor analysis method to measure the intensity of environmental regulation in northeast China,show that the comprehensive score of environmental regulation intensity in northeast China is at the middle and lower level in the whole country,and there are certain differences among the three provinces.Based on entropy method to measure the intensity of environmental regulation in northeast China,the results show that the comprehensive index of environmental regulation in 2015 increased by 3 to 5 times compared with that in 1990,indicating that the intensity of environmental regulation in northeast China has been continuously increasing in recent years,and the intensity of environmental regulation in northeast China was relatively stable from 1990 to 1999,without significant changes.After 2000,the increase was relatively significant.Second,environmental regulation in northeast China can not only directly affect economic growth through environmental regulation,but also influence economic growth through material capital,human capital,technological progress,scale of government expenditure,degree of nationalization,industrial structure and other factors.There are both positive and negative effects.Third,there is a correlation between environmental regulation and economic growth in northeast China.This correlation is nonlinear,that is,there is a significant threshold effect.In a certain period of time,environmental regulation,human capital,government expenditure scale,degree of nationalization,material capital,technological progress and industrial structure in northeast China have obvious threshold effects on the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth.When the intensity of environmental regulation,human capital,the scale of government expenditure and the degree of nationalization exceed the threshold value,the environmental regulation in the northeast China has a positive effect on economic growth.When the indexes of material capital,technological progress and industrial structure exceed the threshold value,the negative impact of environmental regulation on economic growth in northeast China gradually weakens.According to the conclusion of the impact of environmental regulation on economic growth in northeast China,this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.At present,the northeast China,in accordance with the regional development situation,should maximize the positive effect of environmental regulation on economic growth and reduce the negative effect by adjusting the environmental regulation policies in order to maintain a moderate intensity of environmental regulation,stimulate the vitality of talents to boost economic growth,optimize the government's macro-control of the market economy,give full play to the leading role of the state-owned economy,maintain the healthy development of the material capital growth system,vigorously promote the technological innovation of enterprises,further optimize the industrial structure,and encourage the public to participate in ecological environmental protection and so on.