Study On The Demand And Supply-driven Industrial Carbon Linkages

Turkey is a fast-growing economy.Growth also brings wide range of environmental problems.There are two basic sides of an economy demand and supply.A comprehensive analysis of complex industrial carbon linkages from these two sides via hypothetical extraction technique(HEM)is presented.Whereby different dimensions of demand and supply-driven CO2 linkages of a sector are extracted.The difference between original and hypothetical economies gives the impact of sectoral carbon linkages from both sides.Inter-industrial carbon linkage analysis tells us about the transfer of CO2 amongst sectors of a nation.Regardless of mounting evidence favoring simultaneous application of both Ghosh supply and Leontief demand models for forward and backward linkages.Related studies have mostly calculated both upstream and downstream carbon linkages using only demand-driven Leontief inverse model.This research estimates inter-sectoral carbon linkages of Turkey from both demand and supply.Electricity,gas and water with 40% & 38% and production sector with 20% & 22% contributed the most towards direct demand and supply driven carbon emissions.Electricity,gas and water with 72.18 Mt & 50.09 Mt had the highest demand and supply-driven total carbon linkage.Extraction of backward and forward linkages of mixed services with 37.29 Mt and 35.86 Mt have the highest demand pull and supply push impact on rest of the blocks carbon emissions.It also had the highest amount of net pulled 27.79 Mt and net pushed 32.21 Mt emissions.Production sector with 38.57 Mt had the highest emissions from internal purchases while electricity,gas and water with 57.93 Mt had the highest amount of emissions from internal sales.Wind and Solar PV are amongst the most feasible and cleanest energy sources for the ‘Electricity,Gas and Water Supply.’ A carbon demand and supply based policy diversifies emission responsibility and encourages mitigation of a block’s entire upstream,downstream and intra-sectoral carbon chain.