Research On Compensation Ecological System Of Soil And Water Conservation For Oil And Gas Resources Exploitation

The process of oil and gas resource development disturbs the original natural environment,geology,geomorphology and hydrology of the resource mining areas.The ecological service function of water and soil conservation decreases due to the occupation of land,spilled crude oil,water injection and oil mining,hydraulic fracturing and so on,which becomes one of the main factors affecting the ecological service function of water and soil conservation in the oil and gas resource abundant areas.The ecological compensation system for soil and water conservation is an effective measure to solve the conflicts between the economic interests of oil and gas resources development and the interests of soil and water ecological environment,and to coordinate the relationship between the stakeholders.The existing compensation system for water and soil conservation in oil and gas resources development in China is the compensation fee system for water and soil conservation.Paper used the methods of theory analysis contrast analysis and logic deductive method,analyzes the problems existing in the current system using ecological value evaluation method for estimating oil and gas during the compensation standard,around the system factors,put forward the development of oil and gas resources of soil and water conservation ecological compensation system optimization Suggestions,for developing countries to develop oil and gas and other mineral resources ecological compensation system to provide certain theoretical basis,provide certain reference for perfecting the environmental regulation policies and regulations.Firstly,the paper clarifies the concepts of oil and gas resources development,soil erosion,soil and water conservation,ecological service function of soil and water conservation,and compensation for soil and water conservation.The paper expounds the theoretical basis from the perspectives of economics,ecology and ethics,and summarizes the concrete manifestations of the main basic theories in the field of oil and gas resources development and its ecological environment.Secondly,from the perspective of ecological socio-economic complex system,the perspective of game behavior of interest subjects and from the perspective of cost and benefit,explore the essential characteristics and relationshipmechanism of ecological compensation system,so as to provide theoretical basis for the study.Thirdly,the historical evolution of compensation system for soil and water conservation in China has been sorted out and considered in a panoramic way,finding the problem,obstacles to the establishment of the system and the deficiencies in its development are explored fundamentally.Through comparative analysis of the practices of soil and water conservation control and ecological compensation systems in the United States,Australia,Colombia and Germany,To further clarify the optimization path of the ecological compensation system for soil and water conservation in the development of oil and gas resources in China.Fourthly,the general situation of soil and water loss and the regional characteristics of soil and water loss in oil and gas resources development in China are analyzed,effects of ecological factors on the exploitation of oil and gas resources are expounded,and the effects of the two stages of oil and gas resources exploration and development construction and production and operation on the ecological service function of water and soil conservation are studied comparatively,so two stages should be compensated separately.Fifthly,the ecological value evaluation method is used to construct an index system to calculate the ecological service value of soil and water conservation per unit area of land in the typical oil and gas fields located in the region of water and soil erosion in oil and gas resources development.Based on this,according to the overall area of the oilfield and considering the damage of crude oil pollution on the ground,the compensation standard of oil and gas resources during the development,production and operation period,the value of water and soil conservation ecological service function lost under the unit output of oil and gas products in the production period is between 0.68 yuan and 10.8yuan/t/a,with an average of 2.08 yuan/t/a,which can provide reference for the formulation of compensation standards.Sixthly,based on the elements of compensation system,the goal and overall framework of optimizing of water and soil conservation system for oil and gas resources development are designed.Sixthly,based on the elements of compensation system,the goal and overall framework of optimizing of water and soil conservation system for oil and gas resources development are designed.On the basis of existing compensation fee system for water and soil conservation,only around the institutional components to optimize,including: 1.Define the subject of compensation for water and soil conservation in oil and gas resources development,which includes the subject for compensation payment,the subject for compensation acceptance and the subject for compensation implementation.2.Verify compensation object for water and soil conservation in oil and gas resources development.The object of compensation is the ecological benefit of soil and water,which can be measured by the ecological service function of soil and water conservation.3.The compensation standard should be determined.According to the currentstandards for collecting compensation fees for soil and water conservation,it is reasonable to tax according to the land occupied by oil and gas projects at one time during the construction period.During the production period,it is more scientific to measure the value of water and soil conservation ecological service based on the whole area of the oilfield.4.Diversify the sources of compensation.Raise funds extensively,establish ecological compensation funds with the characteristics of oil and gas industry,and encourage oil and gas enterprises to make self-help compensation.5.Increase the ways of compensation.On the basis of the government's vertical compensation,we should increase the use of horizontal market compensation,punish the ecological environment destroyers according to market rules,reward and compensate the environmental protectors,and increase the horizontal compensation methods.In the meantime,Based on the law of soil and water conservation and the management method of the collection and use of soil and water conservation compensation fee,this paper makes a perfect revision,other laws related to environmental protection include specific provisions on ecological compensation for the exploitation of oil and gas resources and soil and water conservation,and laws and regulations related to soil and water conservation should be added,reconstruct the legal system of ecological compensation for oil and gas resources exploitation and water and soil conservation.Finally,it is necessary to strengthen the approval and control of soil and water conservation programs,improve the assessment system of local governments for the construction of soil and water conservation ecological civilization,improve the monitoring and supervision capacity of soil and water conservation,and follow up the institutional guarantee.