The Research On The Pro-environment Behavior Of Broiler Farmers

Since more than 40 years of the reform and opening up,livestock and poultry breeding industry had become a pillar industry of agricultural economic structure and played an important supporting role in the sustainable development of agriculture and national economy in our country.However,the environmental pollution caused by the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry is not only an important factor restricting the green and healthy development of livestock and poultry breeding industry,but also a major weakness in the current implementation of rural revitalization strategy.Livestock and poultry breeding pollution not only causes water,soil and air pollution,but also easily spreads epidemic diseases,reduces breeding efficiency,affects the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products,and even poses a threat to human health,it is urgent to strengthen the prevention and control of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding.Livestock and poultry breeding pollution had the characteristics of dispersion,concealment,randomization,large pollution area and difficult to quantify.Livestock and poultry farmers should carry out the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution continuously in the whole process of livestock and poultry breeding,active implementation of environmentally friendly behavior in livestock production,through a combination of prevention source,process control and end-of-pipe control to achieve the reduction of livestock and poultry breeding waste,harmless and resources,to reduce the negative impact of livestock and poultry breeding wastes on the ecological environment,to improve the coupling relationship between breeding production and the ecological environment,and to achieve “Triple Win” pattern of economic benefit,social benefit and ecological benefit.This research takes broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior as the research object,obtains the required data through the field investigation of the white-feather broiler farmers in Liaoning Province,broiler farmers' pro-environment were divided into three stage of source prevention,process control and end-of-pipe control,to understand the current situation of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior in each stage,to explore the mechanism of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior,to analysis main factors influencing of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior,to analyze the effect of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior,to design promote broiler farmers to implement broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior incentive and restraint mechanisms,and to put forward promote the implementation ofpro-environmental behavior by the broiler farmers.In order to provide a scientific basis for encouraging broiler farmers to implement pro-environment behavior and promoting the green development of broiler breeding industry.The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Theoretical analysis on the broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior.Use Lewin Metal of Behavior Model,Theory of Reasoned Action,Theory of Planned Behavior,Theory of Motivation and Self-determination Theory to analyze the psychological analysis of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior,it was found that broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior may be due to a basic psychological need of broiler farmers or the influence of external environmental factors on their internal motivation,whether it is active or passive selection,is based on the premise of profit maximization or maximizing revenue.Use Principal-agent Theory,Expected Utility Theory,Perceived Value Theory to explaining the economic effect of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior,the results showed that whether broiler farmers implement the pro-environment behavior depends on the total expected utility of the pro-environment behavior,and the total expected utility of the pro-environment behavior is determined by the two dimensions of perceived benefit and perceived risk.Use Game Theory to explaining the influence of government,industry cooperation organizations and other broiler farmers on broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior,the results showed that government regulation can be divided into incentive regulation and restraint regulation,which can promote broiler farmers to implement pro-environment behavior,and restraint regulation can regulate broiler farmers to implement pro-environment behavior.Broiler farmers who join the industry cooperation organizations are required to implement environmentally friendly behaviors in accordance with the relevant standards,while the industry cooperation organizations provides technical training,information services and infrastructure for broiler farmers,it can stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of broiler farmers to implement the pro-environment behavior.The stronger the economic incentive,the better the demonstration effect and the higher the expected benefits,the more active broiler farmers implement pro-environment behavior.(2)Current situation analysis on broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior.Use descriptive statistical analysis of the 466 broiler farmers' basic features and pro-environment behavior,basic characteristics mainly include poultry farmers individual characteristics,operating characteristics,cognitive characteristics,expected returns,social norms,government regulation and industrial cooperation organization characteristics.It was foundthat 85.19% of broiler farmers participated in standardized farms construction and 14.81% of broiler farmers did not participate in standardized farms construction;39.48% of broiler farmers reduced use of veterinary drugs and 60.52% of broiler farmers excessive use of veterinary drugs;84.12% of broiler farmers chose aquaculture waste recycling use and15.88% of broiler farmers did not choose aquaculture waste recycling use.(3)The analysis on standardized farms construction by broiler farmers and its influence factors.First,use the C-D production function to analyze standardized farms construction by broiler farmers;then,construct an analysis framework for standardized farms construction by broiler farmers;last,use the Heckman sample selection model to analyze the main influence factor of standardized farms construction by broiler farmers.The standardized farms construction by broiler farmers consists of two consecutive decision-making processes:behavior and degree of standardized farms construction by broiler farmers.The results showed that expected increase of production,breeding insurance,government subsidy,cooperative organization participation,technical training,information service,standardized farm cognition,environmental risk cognition,education level and breeding scale had significant positive influences on the standardized farms construction by broiler farmers.Expected increase of production,government subsidy,cooperative organization participation,information service,standardized farm cognition,environmental risk cognition and breeding scale had significant positive influences on the degree of standardized farms construction by broiler farmers.(4)The analysis on decreasing veterinary drug application by broiler farmers and its influence factors.First,use the C-D production function to analyze veterinary drug application by broiler farmers;next,construct an analysis framework for decreasing veterinary drug application by broiler farmers;then,use damage control model to calculate the level of overuse of veterinary drugs in broiler farmers;last,use the OLS regression and Probit model to analyze the main influence factor of decreasing veterinary drug application by broiler farmers.The results showed that the actual average use amount of veterinary drugs of broiler farmers is 112.27 yuan for every 100 broilers,the optimal use amount of veterinary drugs is 89.93 yuan for every 100 broilers,the actual average use amount of veterinary drugs exceeds 24.84% of the optimal use amount,the actual average use amount of veterinary drugs of every 100 broilers exceeds 22.34 yuan,and 19.90% of the actual average use amount of veterinary drugs is excessive use.It means that the phenomenon of excessive use of veterinary drugs is more common in the broiler farmers interviewed,and the proportion and degree ofexcessive use of veterinary drugs are higher.The veterinary drug supervision,inspection and quarantine,cooperative organization participation,vertical collaboration,technical training,information service,awareness of veterinary drug residue hazards,awareness of veterinary drug use responsibility and breeding scale had significant positive influences on the decreasing veterinary drug application by broiler farmers;the expected production decline had significant negative influences on the decreasing veterinary drug application by broiler farmers.(5)The analysis on aquaculture waste recycling use by broiler farmers and its influence factors.First,use the C-D production function to analyze aquaculture waste recycling use by broiler farmers;then,construct an analysis framework for aquaculture waste recycling use by broiler farmers;Last,use the Disordered Multi Classification Logit Model to analyze the main influence factor of aquaculture waste recycling use by broiler farmers.The treatment methods of compost returning to the field,biogas production and sale can realize aquaculture waste recycling use,the disposal method of random waste can not realize aquaculture waste recycling use.The results showed that the government supervision,cooperation organization participation,reputation appeal,expected benefits and breeding scale had significant positive influences on the compost returning to the field,biogas production and sale by broiler farmers;the infrastructure allocation,herd behavior and environmental risk awareness had significant positive influences on the compost returning to the field by broiler farmers;the government subsidies,infrastructure and environmental risk awareness had significant positive influences on the biogas production by broiler farmers;the information services had significant positive influences on the sale by broiler farmers.Without considering any influencing factors,the broiler farmers prefer to dispose of the culture waste in a random way.(6)The analysis on effect of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior.First,use Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the production performance of broiler farmers;then,use Propensity Score Matching to investigate the effect of pro-environment behavior on the broiler farmers' production performance;Last,use Customer Satisfaction Index model to evaluate the overall performance and individual performance of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior.The results showed that the average production performance of broiler farmers is 0.958,the productivity of broiler farmers is high.After overcoming the deviation caused by sample self selection,the results still show that the effect of standardized farms construction by broiler farmers on the production performance is negative;the effect of decreasing veterinary drug application on the production performance is negative;the effectof aquaculture waste recycling use on the production performance is positive.Robustness test found that the effect of standardized farms construction,decreasing veterinary drug application and aquaculture waste recycling use on the production performance of broiler farmers is not significant.The overall performance evaluation of the standardized farms construction by broiler farmers is 3.85,reached the “good” level;ecological benefits(3.98)>social benefits(3.74)>economic benefits(3.38)of the standardized farms construction by broiler farmers all reach the “good” level.The overall performance evaluation of the decreasing veterinary drug application by broiler farmers is 3.49,reached the “good” level;social benefit(3.60)> economic benefit(3.45)> ecological benefit(3.23)of the decreasing veterinary drug application by broiler farmers all reach the “good” level.The overall performance evaluation of the aquaculture waste recycling use by broiler farmers is 4.12,reached the “excellent” level;ecological benefit(4.14)> economic benefit(3.82)> social benefit(3.72)of the aquaculture waste recycling use by broiler farmers all reach the “good”level.(7)The incentive mechanism optimization and policy measures of broiler farmers' pro-environment behavior.Combine with the successful experience of developed countries in encouraging livestock and poultry farmers to implement pro-environment behavior,design the incentive mechanism and constraint mechanism for broiler farmers to implement pro-environment behavior.The incentive mechanism includes legislative support,financial and tax support and technical support,the constraint mechanism includes economic constraint,legal constraint and social constraint.Propose incentive measures from government,industrial cooperation organization,market and broiler farmers.First,the government should strengthen the publicity and promotion of pro-environment breeding,formulate reasonable pro-environment breeding subsidy policies,and strengthen the supervision of broiler breeding production;second,it should actively guide broiler farmers to join the industrial cooperation organization,improve the service function of the industrial cooperation organization,and give full play to the supervision function of the industrial cooperation organization;third,it should establish and improve the supervision of pro-environment broiler products Market system,strengthen the market infrastructure construction of pro-environment broiler products;fourth,broiler farmers should improve the cognitive level of pro-environment behavior,enhance the sense of responsibility and self-discipline.