| When large-scale penetration of renewable energy in North China,West China and Northeast China takes place,power system operation require more quantity and better quality for both peak shaving and frequency regulation.If a power system with high penetration of renewable energy is lack of enough flexibility resources,such as hydro generation,its operation is not economic and not able to ensure eligible performance only using thermal generating units to perform operational functions of peak shaving and frequency regulation.Energy storage technology is able to provide the capabilities of fast response and precise power control and both injection and withdraw power during charge and discharge.In recent,cycle life,scale of power and energy,operational reliability,investment cost of different kinds of energy storage technologies are improved a lot.Applying energy storage technologies for power system peak shaving and frequency regulation becomes a trend.Therefore,operational strategy and market policy for the peak shaving and frequency regulation with energy storage participation are the popular research area in domestic and overseas power industry.In 2015,PJM in United States modified and improved frequency regulation market policy specifically for energy storage participation.Since 2006,policies of ancillary service compensation were gradually established in all regions in China.Currently,frequency regulation service provided by energy storage combined with thermal unit exists in North China.Also in 2015,"Some opinions on further deepening the reform of electric power system" issued by central government and its associated policies requires that power market needs to be established based on the principle of hedging risk by midterm and long-term contract and price reflected by spot market.Meanwhile,ancillary service market should gradually form mechanism of "beneficiaries pay the costs".When energy storage systems is ready for grid-scale applications,existing defects of domestic ancillary service policies and operational technologies needs to be fixed,such as,business model of energy storage participation in ancillary service market,cooperation of conventional generating units and energy storage systems,lack of solid basis for compensation standard of ancillary service under the circumstance no operation of energy market,and so on.In the dissertation,energy storage technologies and their participation of power market domestic and overseas were performed theoretical research and systematically summarized.Based on full consider Chinese power industry situations,theory and application of ancillary service market with energy storage participation was comprehensively researched.The research includes:control strategy and investment return analysis of energy storage for frequency regulation service,clearing optimization method of frequency regulation in a regional power system,feasibility and benefit analysis of peak shaving service with energy storage participation,design frequency regulation market based on power market reform and business models of energy storage participant in ancillary service markets.Theoretical research is verified by case studies.Achievements of the dissertation include:(1)Cycle life model of energy storage based on operational situation is proposed.The model is applied for estimating life degradation with consideration of chonological frequency regulation profile and is part decision-making of control strategy.Comprehensive revenue model is proposed with consideration of cycle life cost of energy storage,frequency regulation compensation and penalty for bad performance.Control strategy for the purpose of maximizing energy storage revenue is modeled using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).Cost benefit analysis is modeled using cycle life degradation model,the model can assess cost benefit analysis using histroical frequency regulation profile.The method can be utilized for capacity planning and investment decision-making of energ storage frequency regulation system.(2)Based on frequency regulation policy,the disseration presents a clearing optimization method for frequency regulation market with energy storage.The objective of the optimization model is to minimize overall frequency regulation cost of the system with fully satisfying differenct kinds of system frequency regulation performance.The method effectively trade off between technical requirement and system economy.(3)Demastic generation peak shaving policies was analyzed.Overall,peak shaving compensation policies for generation side are established in most of the regions and there are different rules and pricing methods.Based on the peak shaving policies,the dissertation presents different modes for energy storage participation.Economic assessment methods of energy storage systems for different modes are also established.The modes include participation,in startup peak shaving market,in generator low output peak shaving market.(4)Based on electric industry reform principle in the 9th order by central government,frequency regulation market with energy storage participation is designed in the dissertation,including market participant definition,day-ahead market and settlement.A cooptimization clearing model of energy and frequency regulation market is proposed.The model is able to clear both energy and frequency regulation market simultaneously and find the overall minimum system production cost.(5)The dissertation summaries tranditional business model for frequency regulation market.New business models are proposed for current power industry policies.Moreover,more diversified business models for frequency regulation for future full competitive market are present.At the end,compitition analysis of future frequeny regulation market is performed in terms of current and potiential market participants and alternative technologies. |
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