Simulation Modelling And Its Application Of Pedestrian Mustering And Evacuation In Rail Transit Hubs

Deeply analyzing the multiple kinds of pedestrian traffic behaviors in rail transit hubs,exploring the dynamics characteristics and modelling methods of the pedestrian and pedestrian flow,then proposing the multiagent-based simulation model,developing the simulation system,and carrying out research on the optimization of equipment and facilities in rail transit hubs are important problems during the development process of rail transit hubs.In this dissertation,the researches of pedestrian traffic behaviors,dynamics of pedestrian and pedestrian flow,simulation model and system of pedestrian mustering and evacuation,and optimization of equipment and facilities in rail transit hubs are summarized,followed by the detailed research of each problem.The main work of the dissertation is as follows:(1)Analyzing and modelling of pedestrian traffic behaviors in rail transit hubs.Based on the analysis of pedestrian mustering and evacuation process in rail transit hubs,pedestrian traffic behaviors in rail transit hubs are extracted,and a general description of the pedestrian traffic behaviors is proposed.Aiming at the node selection behavior,automatic fare gate is selected as the research object,and a MNL model considering the environment characteristics,pedestrian characteristics and interaction characteristics is proposed.Respect to the queuing behavior,the ticket vending machine is selected as the research object,and a three-phase queuing behavior model is proposed,which includes walking in the queue,accepting service and leaving.In terms of the guidance sign interaction behavior,identifying and guiding signs are selected as the research objects,and a perception-based guidance sign interaction behavior model is proposed,which includes four ordered phases:guidance sign information display,interaction between the pedestrian and guidance sign,decision making and decision execution.Specially,considering the heterogeneity of pedestrian group,a detailed analysis on the node selection behavior is carried out from the perspectives of group size distribution,patterns of spatial group organization,spatial walking distance,node selection results and node selection time.(2)Dynamics characteristics of pedestrian and pedestrian flow in rail transit hubs are analyzed,and corresponding dynamic models are developed.Pedestrian is the research object on the individual and microscopic level,and pedestrian flow is the research object on the crowd and macroscopic level.The analysis of their dynamics characteristics is crucial to the dynamics modelling,calibration and validation of parameters,and optimization of equipment and facilities.On the perspective of pedestrian dynamics characteristics,motion base cases,walking speed and other characteristics are researched.On the perspective of pedestrian flow dynamics characteristics,motion base cases,fundamental diagram and self-organization phenomena are analyzed.Dynamics models are the means of descripting the movement process of pedestrian and pedestrian flow.The social force model is studied in detail in this dissertation.Starting with initial version of Helbing and Molnar(1995)and the escape panic version of Helbing et al.(2000),the improvements are introduced from the perspectives of pedestrian attributes,motion base cases,self-organization phenomena and some special cases,followed by the parameter calibration methods of the social force model.Finally,a multi-scene based modelling method for the modelling of pedestrian and pedestrian flow is proposed,and the social force model and its variants are used for the modelling of dynamics modelling of pedestrian and pedestrian flow in rail transit hubs.(3)A multiagent-based simulation model for pedestrian mustering and evacuation in rail transit hubs is proposed,and the corresponding simulation system is developed.Firstly,the rationality of the application of multiagent technology in the field of pedestrian mustering and evacuation in rail transit hubs is analyzed on the basis of the complex adaptive system proposed by Holland(1992);then the multiagent-based simulation model for pedestrian mustering and evacuation in rail transit hubs is proposed on the basis of the metamodel proposed by Behe et al.(2014),followed by the introduction of object-oriented simulation environment abstraction model,topology network generation method,creation of pedestrian agent and six kinds of decision algorithms;subsequently,the multiagent-based model is compared with the NOMAD model from five perspectives.Finally,the design of the simulation system for pedestrian mustering and evacuation in rail transit hubs is introduced from the perspectives of simulation process design,module and interface design,system architecture design and functions of the simulation system.(4)The simulation model based optimization method of equipment and facilities and detailed applications in rail transit hubs are proposed.The optimization of the equipment and facilities can be divided into single equipment and facility optimization and collaborative optimization of equipment and facilities,and the former can be further divided into the optimization of service-type,guidance-type and walking-type equipment and facilities.In the aspect of optimization of service-type equipment and facilities,node selection behavior based share ratio optimization of automatic fare gate and queuing behavior based configuration quantity optimization of ticket vending machine are researched;in terms of optimization of guidance-type equipment and facilities,guidance sign interaction behavior based spatial arrangement optimization of guidance sign is researched;respect to the optimization of walking-type equipment and facilities,bidirectional-flow based pedestrian mustering and evacuation efficiency optimization in the inbound/outbound channel and entering flow based pedestrian mustering and evacuation efficiency optimization in the funneled transfer channel are researched;regarding to the collaborative optimization of equipment and facilities,the concept of reliability based on level of service is defined,and a related collaborative optimization model of equipment and facilities is proposed.A decision-making tree based algorithm is used to solve the problem.Finally,the Zhichunlu Subway Station is used for case analysis.