Characteristics Of Pedestrian Evacuation And Optimization Schemes Considering Social Groups On University Campus

With the acceleration of urbanization,large-scale crowds in various public places are happening every day,which is accompanied by a decline in traffic efficiency and frequent safety accidents.When congestion occurs,the direction and speed of pedestrian movements change irregularly,and collisions and squeezes inevitably occur between bodies.How to improve the efficiency of pedestrian movement in non-emergency situations and prevent the occurrence of safety incidents is of great research value.Therefore,this article discusses group movement laws and evacuation characteristics through observation experiments combined with software simulation,analyzes the movement characteristics of pedestrians in the actual scene and their impact on surrounding pedestrians,so as to provide theoretical support for pedestrian evacuation in public places.Research content of this article:In order to study the characteristics of group movement,this paper conducted pedestrian movement observation experiments in multiple scenes and conducted a series of analyses based on the experimental results.In the analysis of pedestrian group ratio,the universality of pedestrian group was verified;In the discussion of the distribution of group members,the differences in the position preference of members in different scenes and different gender groups were discussed;Regarding the movement speed of pedestrian groups,the research was conducted from three angles: group size,movement scene and gender.The conclusions show that the group speed decreases with the increase of the group number.The speed of the female group is slower than the speed of the male group,and the speed of the couple group will be reduced due to the longer interaction;In terms of speed difference,the difference of speed for group and single is less significant than that in the corridors.When walking alone,the speed difference between female and male is more obvious than the speed difference between different gender groups.The speed difference between a group and a single person is larger than the speed difference between groups of different sizes.In order to study the evacuation characteristics of pedestrian groups,this paper analyzes the effect of group phenomena on the evacuation process based on Pathfinder simulation software and pedestrian motion data obtained from observation experiments.The final result shows that strong cohesion among group members and a high proportion of groups in the evacuation process will reduce the evacuation efficiency.When pedestrian flows intersect,there are differences in pedestrian flow characteristics between group movement and single movement.The speed and density of the congested area are negatively correlated.The accompanying movement of pedestrians will increase frequency of stagnation and duration of the congestion.Finally,based on the above research results,this paper puts forward several optimization measures and some suggestions for the canteen scene.In the optimization measures,by removing the greening near the exit,increasing the exit spacing,channelizing the bottleneck area,adjusting the layout of tables,and controlling the starting time of pedestrian movement,the evacuation efficiency is improved or the safety hazards in the evacuation process are reduced.In the recommendation section on pedestrian evacuation,it is proposed that in the evacuation study,the influence of group behavior on the evacuation results should be considered.In the case where no other pedestrians need help,pedestrians are encouraged to walk alone to reduce the waiting for their peers.At the same time,it is necessary to pay attention to the negative effect of the group on the evacuation efficiency and improve the design specifications.