The Spatial Layout Characteristics And Pedestrian Evacuation Simulation In Walking Facilities With Obstacles

With our country into a comprehensive well-off society,the quality and level of life is constantly improving.Residents travel activities are being more frequently and bigger.Requirements for security and number of pedestrian facilities such as residents gathered stadiums,transportation hubs,shopping malls,supermarkets,entertainment places and others are higher.Walking facilities have many characteristics such as long construction period,complex layout of space structure,large pedestrian flow,and great difficulty of pedestrian evacuation.The layout of obstacle in walking facilities plays an important role in the normal or emergency evacuation.Obstacles affect pedestrian evacuation time,evacuation path,moving distance,pedestrian gathering point,etc,and then affect the comfort and safety of pedestrian evacuation.Carry out the research of walking facilities'obstacle space layout features and pedestrian evacuation characteristics is important work in the study of pedestrian flow evacuation.The study on walking facilities'obstacle space layout features and analyse the theory and method of pedestrian evacuation have guiding effect on pedestrian safety evacuation.In this paper,the obstacles layout features and the effect of obstacles for pedestrian evacuation are the research object.The method that study effects of obstacles on pedestrian evacuation including macro and micro,qualitative and quantitative,mainly includes the following aspects:First of all,analyzing the characteristics of obstacles.According to the space can be used or not,it can be divided into obstacle space and evacuation space.Then determine the moving bottleneck of evacuation space.Based on the partition of bottleneck,walking facilities are transformed into the moving network.Based on the shortest evacuation path strategy,a pedestrian evacuation tree is constructed.Based on the concept of evacuation tree and the relationship between node and layer,evaluation of walking facilities in characteristic index of evacuation under the obstacles is proposed from the evacuation space area,pedestrian moving distance,moving bottleneck and obstacles layout imbalance.Secondly,based on the theory of cellular automata,the characteristics of pedestrian evacuation are studied by simulation.We improve the dynamic parameter model.Considering the influence of obstacles on the whole period of pedestrian evacuation,we come up with coefficient of obstacle blocking and update rule of static parameter model in dynamic parameter model.The effects of obstacles on the blocking factor,evacuation route and evacuation time are analyzed.Then analyzing the effect of obstacles in different pedestrian densities.Finally,taking Beijing Xihongmen LIVAT center as the representative example of walking facilities.The influence of obstacles on pedestrian evacuation is analyzed by calculating the evacuation characteristics indexes of the shopping center.According to the indexes,method that improving layout of the shopping center is put forward.The core idea and research conclusion of this paper are fully verified.