Study On The Relationship Between Landscape Design And Mosquito Control In Residential Disrtrict Of Lingnan Area Under The Guidance Of Public Health

With the rapid development of urbanization in China,the public health problems in cities have recently become increasingly prominent.Concern for human health has become an important development direction for the research of residential environment planning and city design.Residential area is an important part of urban construction and development.Urban planning and design are closely related to daily life of residents and play an important role in safeguarding and promoting public health.However,mosquito control,which is closely related to landscape and health,has yet to receive the attention it deserves in planning and design.Mosquitoes can spread malaria,dengue fever and other diseases,which can kill hundreds of millions of people and cause serious threats to human health.The climate in Lingnan,China is warm,with abundant rainfall,plentiful vegetation,long mosquito activity period;consequently,the pest mosquitoes have greater impact on residents'health,and more urgent consideration is needed for mosquito control.The features of residential landscape areas,such as water features,plants,and drainage systems,etc.can provide favorable conditions for mosquito breeding and surviving.Especially with the development of the recent urban concepts,such as ecologicalism,low impact development,and sponge city,the components of a large number of water bodies and rich plants in landscape design have increased the risk of mosquito breeding and surviving.Therefore,from the perspective of landscape architecture,studying the landscape design of residential areas that is favorable to mosquito control has important practical significance for the protection and promotion of public health.It also can enrich the research content of healthy living environment theory,and provide references for sponge city construction.This dissertation first analyzes and discusses the necessity and importance of the prevention and control of mosquitoes in the landscape design of residential areas,and then demonstrates how the landscape components and the number of mosquitoes in residential areas are related to each other through extensive surveys.Based on the results,Landscape mosquito breeding risk assessment model was proposed and a mosquito control-based residential landscape planning and design strategy system was suggested.The main research results are as follows:(1)Field surveys on the landscape designing of 30 typical residential areas and questionnaire surveys the subjective mosquito feelings of residents were conducted in Foshan,Guangdong Province.The correlation between landscape design factors and subjective mosquito feelings was quantitatively analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS)software.The results of field surveys reveal that the residential landscape has many characteristics that are favorable for breeding and surviving of mosquitoes,such as higher rates of the average green space of the community,high percentages of the total area of the water bodies,and lower numbers of shallow water basins below 50 cm that is not suitable for the survival of the natural enemies of mosquitoes.Additional factors also favorable for breeding and surviving of mosquitoes,which include lower open rate of water circulation systems,poor design of outdoor drainage system and poor consideration of plant species selection for mosquito control,poor outdoor ventilation,lower popularity of functional design to repel mosquito in the landscape.In order to prevent mosquitoes and save costs,many water features have long been in a dry and idle state,resulting in waste of space resources.The survey results show that more than 60%of the respondents thought that community mosquitoes had“very big”and“big”impacts on their outdoor activities,and the ecological control of mosquitoes was very urgent.The five factors of“shallow pool area”,“water area proportion”,“adjacent to urban water system”,“pool area”and“herb coverage”of 11landscape design factors were significantly related to“residents'suffering from mosquitoes”.(2)Field surveys and experiments were conducted to study on the relationship between the landscape design factors and the mosquito populations.The results showed that there were significant differences in frequency of mosquito bites among the ten different types of outdoor activities and there was a significant negative correlation between the adult mosquito densities and the wind speed at the measuring points.There were also significant differences in the positive rates of mosquito larvae between different types of waters in the landscape.The positive rate of mosquito larvae were more than 60%of the water bodies for rock channels,water reservoirs of water landscape,water bamboos,shallow pools,water surfaces of hydrophilic wood platform,water-containing outlets of rainwater direct drainage systems,and idle swimming pools.In contrast,water bodies without mosquito larvae mainly included circulated waterscapes,active swimming pools,water pools and lakes with living fish,sealed rainfall drainage systems and wells.Unlike opened rainfall drainage systems,the installation of mosquito control gates and water trap could significantly reduce the positive rates of mosquito in the mouth of rainwater drainage systems.Living plant experiments showed that the plants Lantana camara and Pelargonium graveolens exhibited significant repellent effects again mosquitoes.(3)To assess the risk of mosquito breeding in residential landscape,this study first proposed the concept mosquito breeding risk index(MBRI)for residential landscaping and constructed an effective and feasible mathematical model.Based on the research results described previously,the landscape factors that are significantly related to mosquito breeding were chosen for the index evaluation.Analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to select and prioritize the factors to construct the evaluation index system.The R language programming was used to empower each index,and consequently a mathematical evaluation model was constructed.The model was used to evaluate the risk of mosquito breeding in eight residential areas.The results of linear regression analysis showed that the results calculated by the model had a good fit with the actual evaluation data of subjective mosquito susceptibility in eight residential districts(R~2=0.866),which demonstrates that the model is effective and feasible,and it can directly quantify the mosquito breeding risk in residential landscaping.(4)Finally,based on the results described previously in the research,a mosquito control-based strategy in landscape planning and design for residential areas was conducted,in which outdoor activities,water features,drainage systems,plant selection,and landscapes are included.Detailed and specific methods are proposed for landscape planning and design to control mosquitoes.This research mainly achieves the following innovations and breakthroughs:exploring a new mosquito control-based research perspective of landscape architecture,putting forward the necessity and importance of focusing on the prevention and control of mosquitoes in the landscape design of residential areas from the viewpoint of public health;systematically studied the relationship of the landscape design components with mosquito breeding;establishing an effective and feasible quantitative evaluation model for the risk of mosquito breeding and surviving in residential area landscape;proposing a landscape design strategy system of residential area which can be used for mosquito control from the perspective of landscaping.