Research On The Construction Of Spatial Pattern Of The Chinese Eastern Railway Heritage Corridor From The Perspective Of All-for-one Tourism

The Chinese Eastern Railway was built during 1896 ~1903 by the Tsarist Russia in Northeast China,which was 2426 kilometers in length and c omposed of three sections including Harbin-Suifenhe,Harbin-Manchuria and Harbin-Lvshun.There is a large number of Russian and Japanese style cultural landscape heritage alongside the Chinese Eastern Railway.In the context of promoting All-for-one Tourism all over the country,the heritages of the Chinese Eastern Railway have multiple values and can be taken as important tourism resources providing opportunities for the revitalization of the northeast China from both social and economic perspectives.While the contradiction between land renewal and heritage protection in the cities alongside the railway is very remarkable,which leads to the failure in the preservation of the heritage and the disappearance of important historical buildings.At the same time,the fragmentation problem of the landscape of the Chinese Eastern Railway heitage corridor is increasingly serious,which has led to the ineffectiveness of its cultural,social ecological and economic functions.The purpose of this research is proposing the strategies and methods for the building of tourism spatial pattern of Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor,which is based on the systematic cognition and deconstruction of heritage corridor and from the perspective of the over-all spatial organization,combining the ideas and methods of All-for-one Tourism,in order to solve the problems of the inadequacy and imbalance of tourism development together with the pro blems of lacking in heritage protection and poor quality of local people’s life in the Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor region.The main research content includes putting forward the structural frame of building the tourism spatial pattern of Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor and conducting hierarchical deconstruction of the Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor based on the analysis of its historical and current situation,and then proposing the methods and technical route for building each level of the tourism spatial pattern of Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor.And a typical case study is done in order to verify this method.Basing on the heritage corridor research system,combining with cultural geography theory and tourism spatial pattern and other related fields’ research results,this paper analyzes the data of Chinese Eastern Railway and indicates the necessity of building the tourism spatial pattern of Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor from the perspective of All-for-one Tourism,at the same time puts forward the structural frame of realizing this.According to the hierarchical characteristics of heritage corridor,the building of the spatial pattern is devided into three levels including the over all corridor,the corridor sections and the cities and towns.The construction perpose and assessment system are established for each level.The evaluation indexes of each level are analyzed by using regional Competition and Cooperation theories,Recreation Geography,Ant Colony Algorithm and Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)Model,combined with 3S technique and MATLAB software.The restraint and assistance relationships between the levels are considered,so as to build the hierarchical spatial pattern of the heritage corridor.The specific reseach contents and methods of each level of the heritage corridor is as follows: On the level of over all corridor: Basing on the geography space structure and cultural transmission process,four relatively independent sections are divided from the Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor system,between which there are both compititions and cooperations.The evaluatio n system of tourism value of the corridor sections is set up for the analysis and comparison of different kinds of indexes.The strategies for the competition and cooperation between corridor sections are put forward on the basis of analyzing the current situation and optimizing the distribution of resources,which are the strategic guarantees for the success of heritage corridor’s all-for-one tourism development.On the level of corridor sections: Based on the spot investigation of the heritage corridor resources,first this paper evaluates and sorts these resources and then selects the tourism node towns as the evaluation object according to the heritage and the surrounding tourism resources in each of the towns along the route,and finally analyzes the comprehensive development potential of the tourism resources from five aspects including the number of tourism resources,the type richness,the average quality,the spatial aggregation and traffic accessibility.According to the evaluation result,the Point-Axis spatial pattern of tourism development between cities and towns is built,in which the Chinese Eastern Railway is the axis and some important cities and towns are highlighted points.This pattern is formed gradually,and the tourism development of each section starts level by level.A case study of Harbin-Suifenhe section is taken as an example of building the Point-Axis pattern of corridor sections.On the level of cities and towns: The construction of the heritage space network is based on the perspective of city context protection,and the Arc GIS platform is used as a tool.Screening and classification of the theme of heritage resources on the basis of literature review and current situation investigation,taking the slope,distance and type of the road as the influencing factors of the suitability of the evaluation route construction,and the road with less comprehensive resistance is calculated as the network path by using the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)Model.This research forms the herita ge space network of the Chinese Eastern Railway in cities by dividing the pedestrian path according to the road environment,eliminating the redundant lines,increasing the service and landscape buffer nodes.And then taking Harbin as an example,the paper provides a reference method for the construction of city heritage space network and the protection of city context.The innovative results of this research include three aspects: This research puts forward the theoretical framework for the construction of spatial pattern of the Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor from the perspective of all-for-one tourism.This research has constructed the Competition and Cooperation development pattern of the Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor from the perspective of all-for-one tourism.The method of constructing the spatial network pattern of section tourism and resources in cities and towns in the Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor are proposed.This reseach enriches the heritage corridor theory system by introducing the all-for-one tourism concepts and ideas,and also provides new inspirations for heritage protection works on regional scales.The constructing of the tourism spatial pattern of the heritage corridor would gain benefit in the overall protection and utilization of the Chinese Eastern Railway heritage corridor and the conservation urban context and landscape features,at the same time,which would promote the tourism development of the heritage corridor.