| The root of all kinds of disequilibrium problems in the traffic system lies in the interaction between traffic supply and demand,in order to study the relationship between traffic supply and demand in a more general theoretical framework and effectively alleviate the current widespread problem of disequilibrium in traffic supply and demand.This paper focuses on studying take the road network system as an economic system to construct the resident travel market,analyses the disequilibrium adjustment mechanism for the travel market and applies the disequilibrium theory to the actual traffic management.(1)The theory of disequilibrium in economics is introduced and it is pointed out that take the non-Walrasian equilibrium as the logical starting point of theoretical analysis is determined by realistic conditions.The ultimate goal pursued by theoretical and practical workers who adopt disequilibrium adjustment is to make non-Walrasian equilibrium approach Walrasian equilibrium and make resource allocation reach a satisfactory optimal state.Then the road network system is considered as an economic system,the travel demander in road network corresponds to the demand side,the road network itself corresponds to the supply side,and the urban residents travel market is established on the definitions of travel supply-side and demand-side.In the travel market,the definitions of travel supply function and travel demand function are proposed based on OD(Origin-Destination)pair.The defined supply and demand functions share the common price and quantity manipulated variables,so the adjusting effect of price and quantity on the relationship of traffic supply and demand can be investigated in the same coordinate system,different from the traditional situation where the supply and demand functions have different manipulated variables.(2)Based on the theory of disequilibrium economics,the disequilibrium travel market system based on OD pair is established under the background of disequilibrium travel market,according to the formation and operation mode of the travel market and the specific information obtained by travellers.The adjustment mechanism of price and quantity as collective adjustment variables to the relationship between supply and demand of disequilibrium single travel market is analyzed by using the dynamic programming method.The results show that:the single optimal adjustments of price or quantity are both the special case of the optimal price-quantity adjustment in the extreme situations*Compared to the single price adjustment or the single optimal quantity adjustment,the stability range of price-quantity adjustment is wider.The optimal price-quantity adjustment can adjust the trafic supply and demand to achieve equilibrium state faster.(3)Based on the disequilibrium single travel market,the disequilibrium dual travel markets model and the disequilibrium multi travel markets model are constructed by market aggregation and considering spillover effect,and the adjustment mechanism of price and quantity as collective adjustment variables to the relationship between supply and demand of them is analyzed by using the dynamic programming method.The results show that:because of the market defect,the aggregated disequilibrium travel markets no longer obeys the short-side rule until it reaches equilibrium state,which conforms to the general law of disequilibrium economic theory.With the increase of spillover effect intensity,the disequilibrium of supply and demand in one travel market will increase the impact on the effective supply and demand in the other.If the spillover effect is neglected,the adjustment process of trafic supply and demand in the disequilibrium travel micro-market will fluctuate more and more intensely.Taking into account and taking advantage of the spillover effect,the converged disequilibrium travel market can be adjusted more smoothly and quickly to reach equilibrium state.Spillover effects will only affect the adjustment process without affecting the final equilibrium of the micro travel markets.(4)Based on the price-quantity adjustment of disequilibrium theory,the reversible lane models for conventional driving and automatic driving are constructed respectively,and the corresponding algorithm is designed,the validity of the model is verified by example analysis.The results show that:The reversible lane optimization based on the price-quantity adjustment of disequilibrium theory,whether for current conventional driving or future automatic driving,can well adjust the road network structure to match the resident travel demand better,balance the saturation of each road section,optimize the distribution of traffic on the road network,reduce the total travel time of the road network system remarkably,make full use of road resources,ensure the effective operation of the road network system,effectively alleviate the coexistence of traffic congestion and road resources idle problem caused by the tidal phenomenon. |
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