Study On The Landscape Monotony Of Prairie Highway Straight Segment Based On Driver's Eye Movement Characteristics

The main landscape type in Inner Mongolia is grassland,most of the roads built and to be built are in grassland areas.There are few towns in the grassland area,low population density,the road travel distance between towns is long,and the roads are simple,most of them are long lines or large radius curves,highway landscape environment is single,low vegetation coverage.The long straight lines of grassland roads and the monotonous landscape environment,easy to make the driver's driving ability and traffic information perception,judgment and decision-making ability declined,and then to the grassland highway straight-line road driving safety hidden trouble.The monotony of the landscape environment in the straight segment of grassland highway can not be solved in time,it will seriously endanger the driver's physical and mental health and driving safety.Some studies have proved that the monotony of the landscape environment in the straight segment of grassland highway can be alleviated by increasing the amount of information.At present,the research on information amount mainly focuses on the information amount under the condition of single element or multiple elements combination of a landscape type,there is still a lack of information under the condition of multiple elements combination of various landscape types,At present,there is a research on the information of traffic engineering facilities in the straight section of grassland highway,however,there is still a gap in the research on the information amount under the combination of traffic engineering facilities and other cultural landscape elements.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to master the characteristics of traffic engineering facilities and other cultural landscape elements,to make scientific and reasonable combination form of landscape elements and appropriate range of information to improve and optimize the landscape environment of built and to-be-built highways,to solve the monotony of the landscape environment in the straight segment of prairie highway and to improve the driving safety level of drivers.Among the traffic information provided to drivers by various sensory organs,vision provides more than 80%of the information,the amount of visual information and the types of information elements will affect the drivers' physiological state,driving behavior and driving level.In order to effectively solve the monotony of the landscape environment of the prairie highway,this project takes the driver of the straight segment of the prairie highway as the research object,based on the indicators of drivers' eye movements,using the research method of simulated driving experiment,theoretical analysis and subjective evaluation,designed the experiment of combining different landscape elements,studied the change law of drivers' eye movement characteristics in different visual scenes,analyzed the influence of various factors on drivers' eye movement characteristics,revealed the driver's the mechanism of physiological and eye movement characteristics in different visual scenes.Based on the above research background,the main research results of this paper are as follows:(1)Through comprehensive survey and statistics of the typical prairie highway and the surrounding highway,tourist high-way and its components,the present situation and distribution characteristics of prairie highway simple landscape environment were analyzed and summarized,more than 50%of the prairie highway were secondary roads,more than 80%of roads are linear,more than 90%of the surrounding landscape is monochromatic,few facilities,sparse,desertification serious.According to the situation of prairie highway,this paper put forward a reasonable way to solve the monotony of landscape environment in the prairie highway straight section.(2)Combining the characteristics of prairie secondary highway,by means of experiment,subjective evaluation and analytic hierarchy process,11 elements of two types of traffic facilities and cultural landscape were determined;Principal component analysis method and cluster analysis method were used to establish the weight Hierarchical model of prairie highway landscape information elements,to determine 5 weight levels:0-0.1,0.1-0.2,0.2-0.3,0.3-0.4,0.4-0.5.The weight range of landscape elements in the prairie highway straight segment is 0-0.1.(3)Combined with the physiological significance and characteristics of three eye movement behavioral indicators,namely blink,fixation and saccade,principal component analysis was used to determined the sensitive indexes that can characterize eye movement characteristics in the prairie highway monotonic landscape environment:blink duration,fixation duration,pupil diameter,saccade duration,scan range.(4)Through the analysis of the change law of drivers' eye movement characteristics in different visual scenes,it can be known that the driver's blink duration,fixation duration,pupil diameter,saccade duration all reached the minimum value,scan range reached the maximum value in ZZ4(0.3-0.4)visual scenario.Within the range,the visual load is minimum,best concentration,the efficiency of capturing,extracting,processing effective information was the highest,amount of information were most.Driving in this environment,drivers can fully understand the surrounding traffic information,improve the safe driving level.This provided a reference threshold range for the setting and optimization the landscape environment information of the prairie highway,but it was not recommended to go beyond that.(5)In ZZ4(0.3-0.4)visual scenario,the change law of drivers' eye movement index under five element-combination landscape environments was analyzed,the study found that drivers could obtain the most traffic information,extract the most effective information efficiently and had the least visual load in the ZZ4-3 element combination landscape environment.According to the results of the subjective questionnaire,it can know that the visual stimulation effect of this element combine landscape environment was best,this element combination can provide reasonable suggestions for improving the monotony of prairie highway landscape environment.(6)Experience had a significant influence on the changes of drivers' eye movement behavior indexes in different visual scenes;Skilled drivers extracted and processed traffic environment information more efficiently than unskilled drivers,unskilled drivers were sensitive to the information increasing.Gender had no significant effect on the index of blink behavior,it had significant effect on fixation and saccade.Male drivers can keep concentration steady during the amount of information increasing,female drivers'attention was strongly interfered by irrelevant traffic information elements.(7)The monotony of the landscape environment in the straight segment of prairie highway could be improved by increasing the visual information,and there were the better improvement effect.The increase of traffic facilities and cultural landscape elements,it not only made up for the lack of traffic information of the prairie highway,but also increased the stimulation intensity and diversity of visual information.It can improve the monotony of the landscape environment of the prairie highway,it played a positive role in drivers' cognition,judgment,decision-making and execution,and improved the driver' safe driving level.