Research On German New Objectivist Architecture Design And Its Ideology In The Early Twentieth Century

At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century,modern architecture began to get rid of the shackles of tradition and actively respond to industrialization.During this time,Germany underwent a dramatic transformation.In a short period of time,it completed the transition from an agricultural country to an industrial country.Social relations and political patterns have also changed,so the demand for new buildings has become more urgent.Based on this,Herrmann Muthesius,one of the founders of the Deutscher Werkbund,began to seek ways to expand the social status and cultural influence of architecture in order to meet the needs of the political and social environment in Germany at that time.1922 was a critical period of style change in the history of modern German architecture.With the end of World War I,Germany,as a defeated country,encountered a major economic and political crisis and fell into the impact of housing shortage.Bruno Taut,Walter Gropius,Ernst May and Mies Van der Rohe,a group of architects began to solve housing problems,thus defining new social roles for themselves.Following design concept of the Neue Sachlichkeit,they refused to take the traditional form as the external form of the new building.This is not only the abandonment of the appearance,but also the beginning of economic,social and cultural factors as the main objective to influence architectural forms.The style of Neue Sachlichkeit did not continue the exaggerated and concrete architectural form pursued by the Expressionism before World War I,but followed a more concise and practical feature.It became the leading ideology of the Deutscher Werkbund and Bauhaus in the 1920 s,and later influenced many architects,and promoted the development of European modernist architecture.Neue Sachlichkeit can be interpreted as the result of the interaction of two levels: external sociality and internal ideology,which are related and consistent.Therefore,in order to correctly understand the important role of the Neue Sachlichkeit in modern architecture,the paper hopes to offer creative and ideological views by analyzing the relationship between the ideas and practical activities of architects of the Neue Sachlichkeit in the society and culture,and expand them through a more detailed interpretation from the perspective of modern architectural theory and analyzing the design elements dialectically and objectively.It is clear that the development and change of the Neue Sachlichkeit is caused by the specificity of the times,the continuity with expressionism,and the clear form of design concept for the definite needs.These three characteristics and attributes work and guide together.Although the Neue Sachlichkeit has some limitations,its own attributes are the inevitable result of the coordination between architects and real German social environment in the early twentieth century.Even if the social environment has been lost,they will change with the times and put more valuable theory and practice into them.Knowledge and modern architecture of the Neue Sachlichkeit are still in use at present.In the end,the paper hopes to provide a better understanding of this period of architectural history,and will return to a view that the form of architecture itself is not the ultimate way to clarify its value in the modern architectural movement,and the origin of architectural form should be from the architect’s feedback on needs and ideas of people in this era.