Optimization Of Spatial Configurations Of Urban Residential Areas Based On Thermal Environment And Energy Saving In Severe Cold Regions

The deterioration of the urban living environment and energy shortages have endangered not only residents' work and life,but also the construction and development of cities under the background of global climate change and the acceleration of urbanization.The vastness of the severe cold region,coupled with the severe climatic conditions and the extreme cold and high temperature weather that have occurred frequently in recent years,have brought severe challenges to cities in the severe cold region.As the settlements of urban residents,the spatial configuration directly affects the quality of residents' life and the energy consumption of residential buildings.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out the research to improve the thermal environment of residential areas and reduce the energy consumption of buildings in view of the complexity of the urban residential areas' spatial configuration and the particularity of climate in the severe cold region.This paper aims to study the influence of spatial configurations of residential areas on the outdoor thermal environment and building energy consumption,and to establish a comprehensive optimization design method with the goal of improving the comprehensive performance of outdoor thermal environment and building energy efficiency,seeking for the optimal combination of residential areas' spatial configuration parameters.This paper uses satellite images,drawings,and on-site surveys to investigate and analyze 156 residential areas built in Harbin in the past 20 years,and grasps the status and design characteristics of spatial configurations.Based on the outdoor thermal environment measurements of typical residential spaces,it is concluded that the spatial configuration has a significant impact on the thermal environment by comparing the thermal environment characteristics and the thermal environment differences of different space types.From the perspective of thermal environment quality and building energy efficiency aiming at the climatic characteristics of winter and summer,an optimization design model of residential areas' space configurations which can balance winter and summer climate is proposed.Based on this,the in-depth study of the quantitative relationship between the spatial configuration parameters of residential areas,the thermal environment evaluation indicators and the energy consumption of building heating and cooling is carried out.Firstly,wind speeds,air temperatures,and thermal comfort indicators(physiologically equivalent temperatures,universal thermal climate indexes)are selected as thermal environment evaluation indicators,and the quantitative relationship between spatial configuration parameters and thermal environment evaluation indicators is studied.Based on the actual situation of the 156 residential cases' spatial configurations,the ENVI-met software is used to modeling and simulate the outdoor thermal environment for typical winter and summer calculation days.Based on the simulation results,the sensitivity of spatial configuration parameters of the residential areas to the thermal environment evaluation indicators is determined through statistical analyses,and the differences in the impact of the building layout on the thermal environment are revealed.Based on sensitivity analysis results,the curve relationship between the thermal environment evaluation indexes and the spatial configuration parameters that have a significant impact on them is determined by the curve estimation method,and the stepwise regression analysis is used to establish a prediction model of the thermal environment evaluation indexes based on spatial configuration parameters of residential areas.Secondly,the research is carried out on the quantitative relationship between the spatial configuration parameters and the building energy consumption.Taking the outdoor thermal environment simulation results as the meteorological boundary conditions for energy consumption,Design Builder is used to simulate the building heating and cooling energy consumption during the typical calculation days of 156 residential investigation cases.Based on the simulation results,the statistical analysis method is used to determine the sensitivity of the spatial configuration parameters to the heating and cooling energy consumption of the buildings,and to reveal the differences in the influence of the building layout on the heating and cooling energy consumption.Based on the results of sensitivity analysis,a curve estimation method is used to determine the curve relationship between spatial configuration parameters and energy consumption,and a stepwise regression analysis is used to establish a prediction model of heating energy consumption and cooling energy consumption per unit building area of the residential areas.Finally,a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to build an optimal design model of spatial configurations comprehensively measuring its performance,based on the weights of thermal environment quality in winter,thermal environment quality in summer,heating energy consumption in winter,and cooling energy consumption in summer.Matlab is used to realize the programming and optimization calculation,and the spatial configuration parameter combination with the goal of the optimal comprehensive performance of outdoor thermal environment and building energy efficiency is obtained,which provides a reference for the improvement of the comprehensive performance of urban residential areas and the optimal design of the spatial configurations.The innovative results of the paper are as follows:(1)The sensitivity of the spatial configuration parameters of urban residential areas in severe cold regions to the outdoor thermal environment in winter and summer is revealed,and the quantitative relationship between them is established;(2)The sensitivity of the spatial configuration parameters of urban residential areas in severe cold regions to the building heating and cooling energy consumption is revealed,and the quantitative relationship between them is established;(3)A residential areas' space configurations design model with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive performance of outdoor thermal environment and building energy efficiency is established.This research can provide guidances for designers to optimize the comprehensive performance of outdoor thermal environment and building energy conservation of urban residential areas in severe cold regions.It has important value and scientific significance on improving the urban residential environment in severe cold regions,reducing energy consumption,and guiding urban residential areas' planning and architectural design towards scientific and sophisticated development.