Spatial Morphology Of Guangdong Coastal Defence In Ming Dynasty

History has a general comment: China has coastal defense since the Ming Dynasty.Faced with the threat from the sea,Zhu Yuanzhang completed the national coastal defense construction of more than 13,000 miles along the coast of China during his period.Guangdong coastal defense is the last part to be completed,accounting for 5,000 miles.The construction of coastal defense in Guangdong has absorbed the experience of national coastal defense construction,combined with the struggle experience and regional environmental characteristics of the coastal areas of Guangdong,met the coastal defense task of defending the vast South China Sea and islands and ensuring the safety of the maritime Silk Road,and finally formed a unique system of Guangdong coastal defense institute.In the context of developing the strategy of "one belt and one road" and the protection of historical and cultural relics,the in-depth study of the Coastal Defense Institute supports the construction of the Marine Silk Road in the new era,enriches the academic research of Guangdong HaiFang Institute,and has certain guiding significance for the protection and development of the historical and cultural heritage of the Institute.This paper takes the spatial form of Guangdong Coastal Defense Institute in Ming Dynasty as the research object.From the perspective of architecture,this paper combines the research results of history,geography,military science,sociology,humanities and other disciplines.This paper is the first systematic study on the spatial form of Guangdong Coastal Defense Institute in Ming Dynasty,from three levels: provincial,district and Weisuo City.Firstly,focusing on the coastal defense of Guangdong Province in Ming Dynasty,the overall defense structure is studied.Based on the analysis of the social situation,military geographical environment,the degree of invasion and the settings of coastal defense posts in coastal areas,four defense forms of Guangdong coastal defense are summarized."Coastal Bead Chain Defense" which is selected the main Strategic Points along the Coast of Guangdong Province;"Centralized Arch Defense",which ensures the Safety of the Provincial Capital of Guangzhou;"Island Defense",which is used for large islands such as Hainan Island and Nanao Island;"Nanyang sea route controlled defense",which surrounds the Beibu Gulf and safeguards the stability of the South China Sea.Through the analysis of the four defense forms,this paper illustrates the important role of the Coastal Defense Institute in precise selection of points and reasonable structural layout.Secondly,it pays attention to the control of the defense zones of the coastal defense stations,and sums up the main functional space formed within their own defense zones.In realizing the survival function,through the reasonable site selection and construction,or even relocation of the coastal defense station,the coastal defense station is in a natural environment space that is compatible with the topography,climate,combat and suitable for life.In the realization of military functions,the Coastal Defense Institute constructed patrol naval bases,early warning,communication beacons,separated piers,and the city's own multiple defense space.When realizing the administrative function,the coastal defense Station city undertakes the responsibility of defending the local regime,cooperating with the Inspection Department to maintain social order,and cooperating with the post road to complete the material transfer,thus forming its social function space.Thirdly,focusing on the coastal defense city,the analysis of the internal elements of the city pool is carried out.Based on the actual investigation and historical documents,this paper studies the existing mode,scale,contour shape,street layout,defense organization's morphological characteristics and design idea of the city pool of Guangdong Coastal Defense Institute in Ming Dynasty.This paper probes into the form and cultural connotation of defensive buildings,government buildings,residential buildings,sacrificial buildings,Xuegong buildings and commercial buildings.It reveals the layout concept of ancient military defensive city pools.This paper explores the material guarantee of military buildings to defense and life,and the ideological and cultural education and the inspiration of fighting spirit of military buildings to the officers and soldiers of the coastal defense corps.Finally,a comprehensive and detailed analysis of construction technology and architectural art is made.expounds the reliability of the construction of the main structure;summarizes the defensive wisdom and livable requirements of coastal defense buildings.The inheritance of architectural technology is stable and consistent,which ensures the fortitude of the coastal defense post to a great extent.It is precisely these architectural details that ensure the perfection of the space form of the coastal defense station from macro to micro.