Layout Characteristics Of The Large Cruise Ship And Applied Research Of Evacuation Modeling

Cruise ships are acclaimed as "floating resorts in the sea " and " navigable star hotels ",and they have booming development trends in the tourism market all around the world.However,cruise ships can also be seen as public places where large numbers of people gather.How to avoid and reduce the casualties in the accident has become a hot issue in the current maritime safety work.Therefore,this paper studies the typical characteristics and basic rules of the pedestrian's evacuation on cruise ships,and provides scientific guidelines for the cruise safety design and emergency evacuation plan.Unlike ordinary passenger ships,large cruise ships have complicated layout and more layers of decks.According to the analysis of the characteristics of the cruise arrangement and the types of pedestrians,the operation area of the cruise ship is selected as the evacuation simulation environment.The functionality of each layer of decks in the operating area is analyzed comprehensively.Additionally,based on the layout characteristics of the main vertical zone of the deck area,the evacuation passage of the pedestrians in deck evacuation are analyzed and the concept of multi-story evacuation space is proposed.In terms of the vertical evacuation,by analyzing the layout position of the stairs on the cruise ship,the conjunction between the stage of the deck evacuation and the stair evacuation is discussed,and the basic framework of evacuation process is obtained.Then the concept of passage efficiency and evacuation performance was proposed to measure the evacuation capacity of the cruise space.In order to simulate the evacuation of pedestrians accurately,several classical evacuation models are analyzed respectively.In addition,in view of the characteristics of the diversity of the passage and exit size of the cruise ship,the multi-grid model with refined grid features is selected to simulate the evacuation process.The Euclidean distance is used to quantify the relative position information of each cabin to the exit.Then according to the concept of multi-story evacuation space,the distances between multi-story spaces are summed to obtain the global distance of each gird to the safe exit in the evacuation space in calculation.A rectangular pedestrian model is defined according to human physique,and the neighborhood range of pedestrian is dynamically calculated according to the maximum grid number of the pedestrian movement.The backward behavior due to avoid pedestrians is also added to the model.On the basis of the evacuation model,we conduct the sensitivity analysis of the weight and efficiency analysis of pedestrian detour.The cabin and restaurant of the cruise ship are selected as two typical evacuation scenarios.The evacuation of these scenes is simulated under the condition of the positive state and the inclined state.Combined with the simulation results,the evacuation efficiency of the two scenarios was analyzed.Aimed to solve the evacuation problem of cruise stairs,an improved lattice gas evacuation model is proposed by analyzing the structural features of the staircase and the rules of the pedestrian movement.The evacuation process is simulated on the basis of the night evacuation scenario which is specified in the” Guidelines for evacuation analysis for new and existing passenger ships”.Through the analysis of evacuation results,it is found that due to the uneven layout of cabins in different regions,there is a remarkable difference in the number of pedestrians entering different stairs,which results in an unbalanced distribution of pedestrian flow between the stairs and causes a serious congestion in the stairs.In order to solve the problem of the uneven distribution of pedestrian flow in the staircase,this paper presents an indicator of the crowd density of the staircase to determine the time of the evacuation of pedestrians.A guidance and evacuation model for the pedestrian flow is established,and the optimal transition time is searched with Quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm.By comparing the evacuation simulation results before and after evacuation guidance,the evacuation time is reduced by 26.1%.Therefore,the evacuation efficiency is improved and the effectiveness of the method is verified.It is proved that the proposed evacuation guidance optimization method is applicable to improve the efficiency of evacuation on the cruise.Finally,based on the evacuation model for the decks and staircase,the evacuation simulation system is constructed using Visual C ++ 2012.The system is used to simulate the process of evacuation on the ship,and the evacuation efficiency of each area of the cruise ship is analyzed and assessed.It is of important guiding significance for adjusting the layout during the design process and improving the evacuation capacity of the cruise ship.