Research On Evacuation Stairs Design Of Underground Commercial Building Based On Evacuation Simulation

Serious disasters such as fires and earthquakes in underground commercial buildings,and difficulties in rescue and evacuation are likely to cause death and injury to personnel.Among them,evacuation stairs are the bottleneck of personnel evacuation in buildings.How to ensure the high efficiency of the evacuation process is the author’s thinking.Judging from the differences between relevant domestic and foreign regulations,whether or not the minimum evacuation width of evacuation stairs for underground commercial buildings should be ensured to ensure the high efficiency of evacuation is a problem worthy of study.At the same time,there is a theoretical maximum for the evacuation efficiency of underground commercial buildings based on human evacuation efficiency.The question of the evacuation width value will require further research on whether the variety of evacuation stairs in underground commercial buildings will affect the maximum and minimum evacuation widths.The research results have scientific reference significance for the formulation or modification of related specifications,and at the same time provide scientific guidance for the design of underground commercial building evacuation stairs.This paper first summarizes the current research methods,and proposes that the evacuation simulation experiment is a suitable research method for this article.It also analyzes that the Anylogic model is the most suitable evacuation model for this article;secondly,it investigates the status quo of underground commercial buildings and concludes that The main form of evacuation stairs for underground commercial buildings provides the model setting basis for simulation;then the observation experiment is conducted for the upward evacuation of underground building stairs under emergency conditions,and the evacuation free speed of the personnel is obtained to provide the parameter setting basis for the simulation;then,Anylogic is used.The model conducts personnel evacuation simulation experiments on the double-running stairs of commercial buildings on the ground to verify the reliability of the model and obtain the maximum evacuation width.Then,the Anylogic model is used to simulate the evacuation of the main form of underground commercial buildings,and the maximum and minimum evacuation is obtained.Width value,and comparative analysis;Finally,with the conclusions of the study,an optimization design strategy for underground commercial building evacuation stairs is proposed.Aiming at the problem of the main staircases of underground commercial buildings,this paper investigates the current situation of 26 cases in Chongqing and Chengdu and concludes that the main staircases are straight running stairs(the number is 54%)and runaway stairs(the number is 25%).Double-stairs stairs(the number accounts for 15%).In view of the upward evacuation free speed value of personnel,this paper passes the evacuation drill observation experiment of the underground construction personnel in an emergency state and concludes that the average speed of the single upstairs is 0.76 m/s.The experimental results are compared with the domestic and foreign related research within the normal range.For the reliability problem of the Anylogic model for the study of this paper,this paper conducts personnel simulation experiments on the minimum evacuation width of double-running stairs in the above-ground buildings.It is concluded that when the evacuation width of the stairs is 1.2 meters,the evacuation of the people is relatively the most efficient.This result is consistent with the “store construction”.The relevant provisions of the "Design Code"(JGJ48-2014)coincided,verifying the reliability of the model.At the same time,the experiment found that the maximum evacuation width of the above-ground commercial building based on human evacuation efficiency is 3.3 meters.To solve the problem of the maximum and minimum evacuation widths for the main forms of underground commercial buildings,this paper uses the Anylogic model to simulate the evacuation of the three types of stairs in underground commercial buildings: double-folding,folding,and running.The double run,run-off,and straight run are obtained.The minimum evacuation width of the three stairs is 1.4 meters and the maximum evacuation width is 2.6 meters.At the same time,the experiment shows that the stair form has a significant effect on the evacuation efficiency.When the evacuation width is the same,the evacuation efficiency is straight run>runaway>double run.When the evacuation width is 1.4 meters,the evacuation efficiency of the run-up stairs is 6.9% higher than that of the double run staircase.,The evacuation efficiency of the direct running staircase relative to the detour rung increased by 18.1%,and the evacuation efficiency of the straight run staircase relative to the double run staircase increased by 23.8%.Aiming at the optimization design strategy of evacuation stairs for underground commercial buildings,this paper combines the research results with the actual cases of underground commercial buildings to propose strategies such as raising the minimum evacuation width,limiting the maximum evacuation width,and improving the form of evacuation stairs.