| The experiment was carried out in two crops growing season in Shanxi Agricultural University from 2012 to 2013.Taking zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 as test material,a field experiment was conducted to study the grain filling stage of different concentration of spraying naphthylacetic acid(NAA),polyamine(DAM),cytokinin(CTK),brassinolide(BR)and salicylic acid(SA)on millet chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,the maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),SOD POD,MDA,soluble protein,nitrate reductase activity,1000 grain weight,grain weight,yield,attempting to explore the optimal concentration of exogenous hormones,and provide a theoretical basis for millet high quality.The main results are as follows:(1)The chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid content of zhang za 5 were higher than that of Jin gu 21.Spraying NAA,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid content were the highest at a concentration of 36 mg/L.Spraying DAM,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid content of zhang za 5 were the highest at concentration of 0.1 g/L.chlorophyll a of Jin gu 21 was the highest at concentration of 0.05 g/L but not significantly different with concentration of 0.1 g/L,chlorophyll b,carotenoid content in the highest concentration of 0.1 g/L.Spraying CTK,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of Jin gu 21 were the highest at a concentration of 10 mg/L,carotenoid content was he highest at a concentration of 5 mg/L,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of zhang za 5 were the highest at a concentration of 10 mg/L,carotenoid content of zhang za 5 was he highest at a concentration of 5 mg/L;.Spraying BR,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid content were the highest at concentration of 0.2 ml/L.The chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid were the highest at concentration of 0.8 g/L.(2)The net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)of Jin gu 21 were higher than that of zhang za 5.Under application of NAA,Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci were the highest at concentration of 36 mg/L.Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci of DAM were the highest at 0.2 g/L,expect for Ci of zhang za 5 was the highest at the concentration of 0.4 g/L,but not significantly different with 0.2 g/L.Spraying CTK,Pn、Tr and Gs at concentration of 10 mg/L was the highest;Ci of zhang za 5 was the highest at concentration of 20 mg/L,but the difference with 10 mg/L was not significant,while the Jin gu 21 at concentration of 10 mg/L was the highest.Spraying BR,Pn,Tr,Gs were the highest at a concentration of 0.2 ml/L,Ci was the highest at concentration of 0.4 ml/L,but the difference was not significant with 0.2 ml/L.Spraying SA,Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci were the highest at 0.8 g/L.(3)Fv/Fm of Jin gu 21 was higher than that of zhang za 5.Spraying NAA,Fv/Fm was the highest at concentration of 36 mg/L.Spraying DAM,Fv/Fm of zhang za 5 was higher at the concentration of 0.1 g/L and 0.4 g/L,and Fv/Fm of Jin gu 21 was higher at the concentration of 0.2 g/L and 0.4 g/L.Spraying CTK,Fv/Fm was the highest at the concentration of 10 mg/L.Spraying BR,Fv/Fm was the highest at the concentration of 0.2 ml/L.Fv/Fm of SA was highest at the concentration of 0.8 g/L.(4)SOD,POD,MDA,soluble protein and nitrate reductase of Jin gu 21 were higher than those of zhang za 5,and soluble sugar content of zhang za 5 was higher than that of Jin gu 21.Spraying NAA,SOD,POD,MDA,soluble sugar and soluble protein content were the highest at the concentration of 36 mg/L,and the highest nitrate reductase activity and MDA content were attained at the concentration of 9 mg/L and 72 mg/L,respectively.Spraying DAM,SOD,POD,soluble sugar and soluble protein content were the highest at the concentration of 0.2 g/L.The content of MDA at the concentration of 0.05 g/L was the highest.The nitrate reductase activity of zhang za 5 at the concentration of 0.2 g/L was the highest.Jin gu at the concentration of 0.4 g/L was the highest,but no significantly different with the concentration of 0.2 g/L.Spraying CTK,SOD,POD,content of soluble sugar and soluble protein were the highest at the concentration of 10 mg/L,the nitrate reductase activity of zhang za 5 was the highest at the concentration of 20 mg/L,but not significantly different with 10 mg/L.Jin gu 21 was the highest at the concentration of 10 mg/L.Spraying BR,SOD,POD,soluble protein,soluble sugar and nitrate reductase were the highest at the concentration of 0.2 ml/L.Spraying SA,SOD,POD,soluble sugar,soluble protein and nitrate reductase were highest at the concentration 0.8 g/L.(5)The yield of Zhang za 5 was higher than that of Jin gu 21.Spraying NAA,the 1000-grain weight,grain weight per spike and yield of zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 were the highest at the concentration of 36 mg/L.And the 1000 grain weight of zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 was increased by 3%-9%and 4%-14%,respectively.Grain weight per spike was increased by 3%-20%and 13%-24%,respectively.Yield was increased 0.60-17.10 kg/667m2 and 6.70-16.40 kg/667m2,respectively.Spraying DAM,1000-grain weight,grain weight per spike and grain yield of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 were the highest at the concentration of 0.2 g/L(expect that the yield of Jin gu 21was highest at the concentration of 0.4 g/L).Compared with CK,the 1000-grain weight of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 was both increased by 1%-4%,and the yield was increased to 0.60—3.40 kg/667m2 and 0.90—5.80 kg/667m2,respectively.Spraying CTK,1000-grain weight of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 at the concentration of 10 mg/L were the highest;the highest grain weight per spike and yield of Zhang za 5 were attained at the concentration of 10 mg/L,but grain weight of Jin gu 21 at the concentration of 5 mg/L was the highest,the highest yield at the concentration of 20 mg/L.Compared with CK,the 1000-grain weight of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 was increased by 3%-8%and 2%-5%,respectively.The yield was increased to 1.4-4.10 kg/667M2,8.30-7.80 kg/667m2.Spraying BR,the 1000-grain weight,grain number per spike and yield of zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 at the concentration of 0.2 ml/L were the highest.Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 1000-grain weight was increased by 2%-9%and 6%-16%,respectively.Grain weight was increased by 3%-16%and 11%-25%,respectively.The yield was increased to 1.70-14.30 kg/667m2,4.90-24.40 kg/667m2 respectively.Spraying SA,the 1000-grain weight,grain weight per spike and yield of zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 were the highest at the concentration of 0.8 g/L.Compared with CK,the 1000-grain weight of zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 was increased by 4%-9%and 6%-15%,respectively,and grain weight was increased by 5%-19%and 15%-21%,respectively.Yield was increased to 5.20-20.00 kg/667m2,12.70-23.40 kg/667m2 respectively.(6)Chlorophyll a of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 were the highest in BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L.The content of chlorophyll b of Zhang za 5 in BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L and the concentration of SA of 0.8 g/L were the highest,with NAA concentration of 36 mg/L had no significant difference.Chlorophyll b of Jin Gu 21 with DAM concentration of 0.2 g/L was the highest,and with NAA concentration of 36 mg/L had no significant difference.carotenoid content with NAA concentration of 36 mg/L was the highest.Pn of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 was the highest at the concentration of NAA 36 mg/L;Tr with SA concentration of 0.8 g/L of Zhang za 5 was highest,Tr with BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L of Jin gu 21 was highest.Gs with CTK concentration of 10 mg/L of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 were the highest,Ci with BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L was the highest,and with DAM concentration 0.2 g/L,SA concentration of 0.8 g/L had no significant difference.Fv/Fm of Zhang za 5 with BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L was the highest.Fv/Fm of Jin gu 21 on CTK concentration of 10 mg/L was the highest,with BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L had no significant difference.SOD and MDA content of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21were the highest in BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L.POD activity of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 was the highest in DAM concentration of 0.2 g/L,NAA 36 mg/L,respectively.Soluble sugar of Zhang za 5 was the highest in SA concentration of 0.8 g/L,with BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L no significant difference.Soluble sugar of Jin gu 21 was the highest at BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L.Soluble protein content of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 in BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L,SA concentration of 0.8 g/L were higher.Nitrate reductase activity of Zhang za 5 with SA concentration of 0.8 g/L was the highest.Nitrate reductase activity of Jin gu 21 in BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L was the highest,with SA concentration of 0.8 g/L not significant difference.1000-grain weight,grain weight per spike of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 with SA concentration 0.8 g/L,NAA concentration of 36 mg/L,BR concentration of.0.2 ml/L was higher.The yield of Zhang za 5 was highest at SA concentration of 0.8 g/L,The yield of Jin gu 21 was highest at BR concentration of.0.2 ml/L.In short,spraying NAA,DAM,CTK,BR,SA were in favor of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid content;were beneficial to Pn,Tr,Gs,and Ci,enhanced millet photosynthesis;were beneficial to Fv/Fm and POD,SOD,soluble sugar,soluble protein,nitrate reductase activity.The result of Zhang za 5 and Jin gu 21 with spraying NAA concentration of 36 mg/L,DAM concentration of 0.2 g/L,CTK concentration of 10 mg/L,BR concentration of 0.2 ml/L,SA concentration of 0.8 g/L were better. |
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