| In the report of the 19~thh National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the concept of“Green hills and clear rivers are the treasure of human beings”is put forward,which shows that the party and the state attach great importance to the construction of ecological civilization.The core of the construction of ecological civilization is to improve the supply of ecological products.As the most important ecosystem on the earth,forests provide mankind with many kinds of forest ecological products.Forest ecosystem products should rely on abundant forest resources.Therefore,we should give full play to the advantages of forest resources in Heilongjiang,and promote the development of forest ecological products.This can not only improve the economic transformation in the forest area,enhance the economic benefit of the forestry enterprises,and increase the income of the residents,but also provide an ecological guarantee for the revitalization of the old industry and the agricultural production in Heilongjiang,and simultaneously supply an ecological guarantee for the construction of national ecological civilization,which will contribute to the realization of the Chinese dream,and give scientific evidence for the idea“Green hills and clear rivers are the treasure of human beings”.From 2005 to 2016,there are more than 50 policies on Forestry Development issued by the state,which provides a strong policy support for the development of forest ecological products.Scholars have carried out various research on forest ecological products from different perspectives,and the results provide a theoretical basis for forest ecological products development.The abundant forest resources provide a guarantee for the development of forest ecological products,and a good macro environment and stable social environment are pledges for the smooth development of the products.However,for a long time,Heilongjiang has suffered serious damages in forest ecological resources,insufficient economic support,imperfect market mechanism,inadequate mass participation and deficient technology talents,which seriously restrict the development of forest ecological products in the province.Therefore,on the basis of in-depth analysis of the problems in the development of forest ecological products in Heilongjiang,this paper makes an evaluation on the different indicators affecting the product development capability,and clarifies their influencing power.The supply and demand equilibrium in forest ecological products in Heilongjiang is measured by combining economics and ecology;the product development approach is explored through trading platform construction,price determination and risk management.Finally countermeasures are proposed in accordance with the different product development capability to guarantee the development.On theoretical basis of economics and management,the aim of the paper is to promote the forest ecological product development in Heilongjiang.On the basis of a large number of literature analysis,statistical data analysis and empirical research,the paper,by employing the latest research findings in public goods theory,externality theory,supply and demand theory,game theory and public choice theory,proposes the logical thinking of the proposition on the premise of considering the special properties of the forest ecological products.Firstly,it is clearly defined that forest ecological products are intangible products with special ecological functions,with special attributes such as natural attributes,public attributes,market attributes and social attributes.The particularity of forest ecological products determines that the development of the products is different from that of general products.The development,based on the evaluation of development ability,refers to the overall process in which the products with ecological functions are transformed into products serving the society.Secondly,on the actual situation of Heilongjiang province known through field investigation,the paper explicitly defines the categories of the Heilongjiang forest ecological function,gives an in-depth analysis on the current situation and problems of forest ecological products development,establishes an evaluation system for the product development capacity from three aspects(environment,economy and society)and 16 specific indicators.According to the thinking mode of decomposition,comparative judgment and comprehensive thinking,the complex system is decomposed to make the abstract and non-specific problems mathematical and systematic.The product development evaluation system with multi-objective,multi-criteria characters is translated into the one with multi-level but single objective,whose results are more simple and accurate,and thus easier to be accepted and adopted by readers and policy makers.The special attributes of forest ecological products means that to evaluate the influencing factors of the development foundation only by objective data can not fully and truly reflect the importance of the indicators.This article,by combining analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method,makes an analysis on the importance of the evaluation indicators for forest ecological product development capability in Heilongjiang,and makes an innovation by introducing ecological product supply volume,forest ecological product demand volume and ecological satisfaction degree into the evaluation system.The analyzing results show that the most important indicators influencing the development of forest ecological products in the province are environmental capacity indicators,especially the policy environment,natural environment and macro-economic environment.The subsequent are economic capability indicators,among which social competence indicators have the least influencing power.In 16 specific indicators,the total weights of policy environment,forestry capital investment,ecological forest products demand,technological and cultural environment and natural environment is 0.6272,which illustrates that forest ecological products development in Heilongjiang requires strong support of national policy,sufficient funds guarantee and effective ecological product demand.At the same time a good technological and cultural environment and natural environment are foundation for the development.?Because the research results are scientific and useful,and the evaluation indicators are much more clear and straightforward,they can provide support for the countermeasures proposed for forest ecological product development in Heilongjiang.Again,according to the basic principles of economics,the paper analyzes the forest ecological product supply and demand in Heilongjiang.On the other hand,due to the special nature of the product,the analysis on the supply and demand can not only be carried out from the perspective of economics.Therefore,by using the ecological footprint method to measure and calculate the supply and demand of the product,the paper arrives at the supply and demand condition from 2008 to 2015 in Heilongjiang,which demonstrates that the province is in urgent need to develop the product.Establishing a trading platform,defining the product prices,and executing risk management at the different stages of the development are essential,among which pricing is an especially key issue.Based on the special properties of the products,this article,by using the method of game theory pricing,makes an analysis of the three game parties:government,the forest enterprises and other enterprises and individuals,and then by data analysis achieves an equilibrium price satisfied with all parties(the equilibrium price is 882.77 yuan/mu,or 13241.55yuan/ha.Finally,the countermeasures and suggestions for development of forest ecological products in Heilongjiang are put forward according to the strength and weakness of the evaluation indicators affecting the development ability of the products.There are vast forest resources in Heilongjiang,and the development of forest ecological products will promote the production capacity of the products,improve their supply,therefore ensure food security of the province and the whole country,guarantee the revitalization of the old industrial base in the northeast,and promote the integration of primary,secondary and tertiary industries.Meanwhile,the development of forest ecological products can promote the harmonious development of society,enhance the construction of ecological civilization,and ensure the national ecological balance. |
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