| Hepatitis E one of the virus hepatitis is important zoonosis which is distributed worldwide,it is sporadic in developed country such as America,New Zealand and Australia.In developing country,it has been a important loimia not only for people but also for animals.In china,Xinjiang is one of Hepatitis E disaster area,during 1988-1998 year,a outbreak of Hepatitis E happened in this area,it is the biggest one up to now,which has led to enormous economic loss.Hepatitis E has been one of the serious public health problem,so this thesis carry out a systemic epidemiological study for Hepatitis E in Xinjiang Nanjiang,The below is the fundamental outcome:1.Detection of antibody and antigen about different populations in Xinjiang Nanjiang A total of 2980 serum samples of people were collected from Kashi,Korla,Hetian and Aksu,all of the samples were record accurate information,1328 of 2980 serum samples are Han nationality people samples,1652 are Uygur nationality samples,1521 are female samples,1459 are masculine samples.The serum samples contain 32 slaughterman samples,85 Livestock and meat salesperson samples,220 supermarket population samples,160 food service population samples,2483 others samples.The ELISA kit produced by Beijing wantai company were applied to detect HEV-IgG,HEV-Ag and HEV-IgM,so as to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis E in Xinjiang Nanjiang area.The result indicate that in the analysis of HEV-IgG 50-59 years old people has the maximum level of positive rate,there was a statistical significance of positive rate among population with different ages(c~2=98.627,df=6,P=0.000);The positive rate of Korla,Aksu,Kashi and Hetian was 6.81%,8.14%,12.89%and 15.38%separately,there was a statistical difference among each administrative areas(c~2=34.838,df=3,P=0.000);The positive rate of uygur nationality and han nationality people were 12.53%and 7.76%,it also has a statistical difference of positive rate between races(p=0.000?0.01);The positive rate of food service population,supermarket population,livestock and meat salesperson,slaughterman and others were 2.50%,3.18%,16.47%,31.25%and 11.08%separately,there was a statistical significance among each occupational population(c~2=42.498,df=4,P=0.000),the positive rate was remarkably difference between slaughterman and other populations.In the analysis of HEV-IgM,there were only 7positive samples,the positive rate was 0.23%.In the analysis of HEV-Ag,only has 2positive samples,positive rate was 0.07%.2.Detection of antibody and antigen about economic animals in Xinjiang Nanjiang A total of 7840 serum samples of animals including 2700 sheep blood serum samples,1110 cow blood serum samples,1660 swine blood serum samples,410 deer blood serum samples,160 dog blood serum samples and 1800 chicken blood serum samples,were collected from Aksu,Kashi,Korla and Hetian,all of the samples were record accurate information.The ELISA kit were applied to detect HEV-Ab and HEV-IgM,so as to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis E in economic animals of Xinjiang Nanjiang area.The result indicate that in the analysis of HEV-Ab the positive rate of swine was 53.25%(884/1660),there was a prominent statistical difference between age ranges,being56.00%over 3 years old,49.09%below 3 years old(P=0.006?0.01);The positive rate of cow was 7.03%(78/1110),there was a statistical difference among each groups(c~2=43.106,df=2,P=0.000),being 18.82%over 4 years old,3.75%below 2 years old;The positive rate of deer was 32.4%(133/410),there had been a statistical difference among each age groups(c~2=166.041,df=2,P=0.000),being 43.8%of 2-4 years old,9.33%below 2 years old;The total positive rate of chicken from Kashi,Aksu,Hetian and Korla was 1.56%(28/1800),the positive rate were 1.71%,1.50%,1.78%and 1.25%respectively,there had no been a statistical difference(c~2=0.458,df=3,P=0.928);The positive rate of dog was 13.13%(21/160),the statistical difference was extraordinary prominent between rural dog(25.46%)and urban dog(6.67%)(P=0.001?0.01),the positive rate of over 5 years old,2-5 years old and below 2 years old were 10.71%,16.84%and 5.41%respectively,there was no a statistical difference among each age groups(c~2=3.207,df=2,P=0.201),the positive rate among breed groups were 25.71%,6.52%,7.90%,0.00%and 18.18%respectively,there was also no a statistical difference(c~2=9.425,df=4,P=0.051),there was a extraordinary prominent difference of positive rate between male dog(19.77%)and female dog(5.41%)(P=0.001?0.01);The total positive rate of sheep was 30.00%(810/2700),there was a statistical difference among each area groups(c~2=46.113,df=3,P=0.000),the difference was extraordinary prominent between Kashi(37.65%)and Korla(21.67%)(P=0.000?0.01).In the analysis of HEV-Ag,only has 26 positive swine blood serum samples,positive rate was 1.57%.3.Molecular epidemiology investigation of hepatitis E in Xinjiang Nanjiang Detective specimens included 300 sheep liver,400 sheep bile,2400 sheep feces,100 swine feces,7 HEV-IgM positive human blood serum,2 HEV-Ag positive human blood serum and 26 HEV-Ag positive swine blood serum were collectted from Xinjiang Nanjiang.RT-nPCR was used to detect specimens with primers targeting HEV ORF2 regions,The final PCR product was cloned and sequenced,percent identity was calculated with DNAstar,phylogenetic trees were constructed by MEGA software.The result indicate that 15 specimens include 4 sheep liver and 11 swine feces of 3235 were positive,positive rate was 0.46%,Sequence analysis indicated that these 15 HEV strains shared 97.4%-100%nucleotide homology with each other and had identities of81.6%-86.3%,84.2%-85.3%,80.0%-85.8%and 84.2%-97.9%with the corresponding regions of reference HEV genotypes 1,2,3 and 4,respectively.phylogenetic analysis based on alignment of partial ORF2 sequences revealed that the 15 strains in the current study formed a single lineage and were on the same branch as T1 and swCH25,all of which belong to genotype 4,subtype 4 d.phylogenetic analysis suggest that 4 d subtype of HEV has potentiality of infection among different species,which may can circle among human,swine and sheep in Xinjiang Nanjiang. |
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