| Paeonia ostii belongs to Paeoniaceae Paeonia L.Sect.Moutan and It is a traditional medicinal plant in China.In recent years,it is found that P.ostii seed is rich in alpha linolenic acid and unsaturated fatty acid,and its seed oil can be used as cooking oil,which is beneficial to human health.As a new woody oil plant,P.ostii has been widely introduced and cultivated all over the country.In this study,the cultivated P.ostii were used as the experimental material for the analysis of phenotypic diversity,genetic diversity and the diversity of seed oil content and fatty acid composition.Then,the ecological suitability of P.ostii was studied by using MaxEnt and ArcGIS software with the collection of whole distribution regions of P.ostii and its location climatic factor data.The main results in this study as follows:1 Phenotypic variation of cultivar populations in P.ostiiThe variation of 20 phenotypic traits of 398 samples from 15 seedling populations in 6 provenances of P.ostii were investigated and analyzed,the results showed that with the increase of plant age,the mass growth of branch number,ground diameter,plant height,stem length,crown length,crown width,flower branch and bud number showed an increasing trend,and the leaf length and leaf showed a decreasing trend The variation coefficient of each phenotypic trait in the population ranges form 8.44%一36.70%,with the smallest variation in plant height(CV=8.44%)and the highest in flower branches(CV=36.70%).The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient(Vst)between populations was between 0.00 and 50.14%,with an average value of 27.62%.The principal component analysis were conducted and the results showed that the length of one-years-old branches,buds hight,diameter of one-years-old branches,length of terminal leaflets and width of terminal leaflets were the main phenotypic traits of phenotypic differences.There were some correlations between phenotypic traits,10 traits affected by plant age was divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis.2 Genetic diversity of cultivar populations in P.ostiiThe genetic diversity of 902 individuals from 36 P.ostii populations was analyzed by 29 pairs of microsatellite primers.The results showed that 142 alleles were detected and the average number of alleles per locus was 4.897.At the species level,the average polymorphic information content(PIC)was 0.318,the average observed heterozygote(Ho)was 0.343,the average expected heterozygote(He)was 0.321,the average genetic diversity index(H)was 0.330,and the average genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.106.AMOVA analysis showed that the variation within-population explain 93.77%of the genetic variation of P.ostii.Populations from Shaanxi province showed the highest genetic diversity,with the average genetic diversity index(H)0.340 and the allelic richness(AR)2.353.The STRUCTURE results showed that when K=8,the models presented optimal population clustering.Of the five well-separated gene pools,four distinct gene pools were found in Shaanxi province.Genetic differentiation analysis showed and divMigrate analyses indicated that the SHX3group(all sample from Shaanxi Province)showed the highest genetic differentiation with other groups.Comprehensive analysis shows that Shaanxi province is probably one of the origins of P.ostii.STRUCTURE and divMigrate analyses revealed that cultivars from Tongling City in Anhui Province(AHTL)shared an distinct gene pools,and exhibited a relatively high gene flow with the admixed groups(SD1,SHX2 and MIX),which indicated Tongling City has likely played an important role in the domestication and breeding of modern cultivars of P.ostii.3 Diversity in oil content and fatty acid composition in the seed of P.ostiiThe analysis of oil content and fatty acid composition for 30 population seed samples of P.ostii from different regions were conducted,the results showed that the oil content of P.ostii seed was between 18.39%～27.19%,with an average of 21.25%,and the oil content in different areas was significantly different.The fatty acids of P.ostii seed oil are mainly composed of palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid,of which the average content of alpha linolenic acid is up to 41.44%.There was no significant difference in stearic acid,linolenic acid,unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid between different regions.The contents of linoleic acid,oleic acid,palmitic acid and omega 6/Omega 3 were significantly different in different regions.The correlation coefficient between the content of the crude lipid,fatty acid and meteorological factors was less than 0.8.Linoleic acid content is positively correlated with annual average(r=0.55)and annual minimum temperature(r=0.52),and has a moderate negative correlation with altitude(r=-0.51).Other fatty acids are weakly correlated with meteorological factors.4 The analysis of potential suitable area and climatic requirements of P.ostiiThe results of P.ostii ecological suitability analysis showed that the growing degree days(GDD,26.4%),precipitation of wettest month(Bio 13,17.7%)and mean temperature of coldest quarter(Bioll,16.9%),annual precipitation(Bio 12,9.7%)and annual mean UV-B(UVB1,12.2%and pH value of soil(SpH,6.9%)were the main environmental factors affcted P.ostii habitat distribution,and the cumulative contribution rate of the six environmental variables was 89%.The eco-climate indicator of P.ostii was:the optimum growing degree days between 3700 ℃,mean temperature of coldest quarter is 2 ℃,precipitation of wettest month between 200mm,annual precipitation between 800 mm,annual mean UV-B between 2900 j/m3 and the pH value of soil is between 6.5～6.9.The optimum suitable area is mainly distributed 16 provinces(district)including Henan,Shaanxi,Hubei,Shanxi,Anhui,Shandong,Sichuan,Hebei,Gansu,Chongqing,Liaoning,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,Jiangxi and Tianjing. |
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