Effects Of Detoxification In Mildew Feed On The Health Of Layers

Mycotoxins can not only destroy and reduce the nutrients in raw materials or feeds leading to decrease the palatability of the diet and the nutritional value to decline,but also cause harm to human and animal health.Poultry production is susceptible to mycotoxins,and there are few reports of mycotoxins on poultry production systematically.Therefore,the feed conta minated with mycotoxins was used to feed the chicks for evaluating the growth performance,antioxidant capacity and immune function by detecting the histopathology,blood biochemical indicators and gene mRNA expression based on the investigation of the main mycotoxin conta mination in the feed and explored their molecular mechanisms.Different doses of mycotoxins and detoxification agents were added to the basal diet,and layers of different ages were fed by different feeding methods.It was found that high levels of mycotoxins could significantly inhibit the appetite of layers.Single,every other day and continuous mycotoxin exposure have a greater impact on the appetite of the layers,and the higher the concentration is more obvious;in addition,the effects of the high concentration of mycotoxins plus detoxification agent converting to the normal diet is smaller that those of the normal diet converting to the high concentration of toxin plus detoxification on the appetite of the layer,and adding the detoxifying agent to the medium and high concentration mycotoxin can improve the appetite of the layer.Therefore,the level of mycotoxins,the age of layers,the number of poisons and the detoxification agents have a significant effect on the feed intake of livestock and poultry.The higher the toxin level,the smaller the age of layers,the more the number of poisons and the lack of detoxification agent can reduce the appetite of the layer.The effects on the growth performance and various organs in the layers were investigated by feeding the chicks with different doses of mycotoxins,It was found that the medium and high levels of mycotoxins can reduce the final weight,average daily gain,consumption and the amount of feedstock and increase the ratio of feed to weight,which decreased the growth performance of the layers.The mycotoxin detoxification agent can increase the final body weight,average daily gain,and consumption of the layers,reduce the ratio of feed to weight,and improve the performance of the layers.The level of mycotoxins can significantly increase the glandular index and musculoskeletal index of layers,causing damage of gland stomach,muscle stomach,gut,intestines of the layers,while the mycotoxin detoxification agent can significantly reduce the indexes of the glandular stomach,muscle stomach of the layers and reduce the damage of glandular stomach,muscle stomach,gut,and intestines of layers.Therefore,the high-dose mycotoxin in the feed can reduce the growth performance of the layers,causing necrosis and degeneration of the digestive tract,immune organs and liver of the layers;and adding detoxification agents to the diets can reduce the adverse effects of mycotoxins on animals.Finally,the effects of their antioxidant functions,immune function and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes,pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in layers were investigated by feeding layers with different doses of mycotoxins.The results showed that different concentrations of mycotoxins in the feed commonly damaged the immune system of layers,reduced the levels of T-AOC and CAT in layers,decreased the activity of SOD,increased the level of MDA in serum,and reduced the antioxidant enzymes and mRNA expression in liver,glandular stomach,ileum,bursa and spleen,and increased anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factor mRNA expression,inhibited the synthesis of immunoglobulins and immune factors,reduced the concentration of IL-6,INF-γ,IgG,IgM in serum,and decreased IBD-Ab and ND-Ab in serum.In addition,the anti-oxidation index,immune index and antibody level of the 3 and 4 groups of detoxification agents were significantly better than those of groups 1 and 2,and could increase mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory factors in liver,glandular stomach,ileum,and spleen,reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory factor mRNA.Therefore,different levels of mycotoxins can reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner,and increase the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors.The higher the concentration,the greater the inhibition;the detoxification agent can promote to some extent the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in each tissue,reduce the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors caused by mycotoxin stimulation and increase the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory factors.In conclusion,mycotoxins can reduce the growth performance,antioxidant capacity and immunity of chicks in a dose-dependent manner,and promote the oxidative damage and inflammation of organ tissues.Detoxification agents can protects the health of layers by reducing the immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity to some extent,and the detoxification effects of detoxification agents 3 and 4 are better than the other two.