The Multi-level Institutional Analysis On Governance Of Small Irrigation And Water Conservancy

China was an agriculture founded country since ancient times,the rise and fall of a country is closely related to the water conservancy which holds a special place in the national governance.The country still can’t solve the current governance problems as the rapid deterioration of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy project,the low response ability to extreme environment,and the increasingly outstanding shortage of agricultural water resource although the traditional concept of management has been changed,a variety of governance system and mechanism on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy of common involved has been established.The governance’s sustainability of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy depends on the perfect system.Therefore it reveals that the root of governance system dilemma on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy is the basis to solver problem itself.The governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy is realized under the multiple system constraints.It is a feasible path to explore solution to governance dilemma on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy from the perspective of relation among multi-level systems.Multi-level system nesting theory and water resource governance theory provide a theoretical basis in order to straighten out the relation between governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy and its system.Combined with the actual situation and specific practice of governance systems on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,the paper reviews the governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy is developed at multi-level governance.That is,constitutional government level,collective choice level and operation level,which corresponds to the three system levels of constitutional system,collective choice system and operation system.This article summarizes the four factors that affect the governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy at each governance level:governance system of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,main body of governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,governance right of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy and agricultural water right.On the basis of internal logical relation among four factors,the system analysis framework on governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy is put forward with entry point of restrictive relation among various level of system.In the first place,the article analyze the levels and theirs mutual relationship among three systems.Based on analysis framework,three typical cases on governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy are taken for example:village Y in Henglingqu from north of Guangxi,L from WUA from South of Guangxi,and reservoir H from north of Guangxi.First,the governance system of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy is a system formed by three systems:Constitutional system,collective choice system and operation system,among which they are mutual restraint.Of which the constitutional system regulates the administrative right of the grass-roots government on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy and the ownership of agricultural water,and the administrative right of the grass-roots government guarantee its ownership of agricultural water;Collective choice system regulates the management and water supply rights to those water supply organizations as the village and community organization,WUA and Merchants etc.Moreover the management right of water supply organization ensures its water supply right;Operation system regulates governance right of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy with participation and supervision of water user,and participation and supervision right of water users guarantee theirs water rights.Secondly,the relationship is mutual constrained among constitutional system,collective choice system and operating system of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy.That is,constitutional system constrains collective choice system;collective choice system restricts operation system.The constraint relationship between them decides:the administrative rights of grass-roots government and agricultural water ownership specified by constitutional system restrict respectively management and water rights of water supply organizations regulated by collective choice system,while management and water rights of water supply organizations specified by collective choice system constrains respectively the participation and supervision right of water users by operation system and its water right.Third,restrictive relation of various levels of governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy shapes governance structure of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy.And the restrictive relationship on specific governing rights among a variety level of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,forms a relation structure of rights and obligations on Management named governance structure,which is related to small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,agricultural water resource of development,utilization,allocation,management,protection and conservation etc.While restive relation on specific agricultural water rights of various levels of system on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy constitutes the structure of rights and obligations named agricultural water right structure,which reflects the people benefit from agricultural water resource.And the guarantee relation between governance right of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy and its water right decides guarantee relation between governance right structure and agricultural water right structure,meanwhile which forms a governance structure of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy.Fourth,this article is based on governance structure of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy formed by constrains relation among various levels of systems of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy.Taking three typical cases for example:village Y in Henglingqu;WUA L from town X,county C from south of Guangxi;reservoir H,village S in northwest of county Q from north of Guangxi,it revealed the system logic of governance dilemma on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy.Firstly,the internal flaw exists in governance system e,which means blurred definition to management right of water supply organizations to village and community organization,WUA and Merchants etc.Secondly the obscure management rights of those water supply organizations result in the break of constrain relation among various levels of system on governance of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,which caused unstable condition of governance right structure;Third,the unstable governance right structure of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy weakens governance right of main body on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy and its guarantee of agricultural water right.That is,the administrative right of the government can’t guarantee the ownership of agricultural water,the management right of the water supply organization is difficult to guarantee its water supply right,the participation and supervision right of the water users can’t guarantee theirs water right,and which further leads to governance dilemma of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy.In the end,the article aims at the system logic of governance dilemma of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy.According to conclusion of the research and future needs of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,a perfect idea of governance system on small farmland irrigation and water conservancy is come up with,which looks at the integrity of governance system of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy,stands on restrictive relation establishment among systems,and takes management right of small farmland irrigation ad water conservancy to point of penetration.The specific and improved strategy is to change the government function in the constitutional system.While the collective choice system needs further definition to management right of small farmland irrigation and water conservancy to village and community organization,WUA and merchants etc.,which straighten out the internal restrictive relation between management right of water supply organization and administrative right of government.Operation system focus on water right protection of water users,and needs to built distribution mechanism of optimizing public resource,financing mechanism,decision mechanism,supervisory mechanism,coordination mechanism of arbitration mechanism and sanction mechanism,operation mechanism and participation mechanism.