| Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is a dangerous pest of raspberry,blueberry,cherry and other soft-skinned fruits.This pest is native to Asia and has spread rapidly in the Americas and Europe since 2008.At present,it has caused serious harm to more than 30 countries.Because it spreads fast,host variety and endanger the health of mature fruits,it has become a quarantine pest on a global scale.D.suzukii was first recorded in China at 1937,but itdid not cause serious harm at that time.In recent years,with the expansion of the small berries industry in China,there are more and more reports about the berry pests,especially D.suzukii attacking soft-skin fruits in China.Liaoning is the main planting area of small berries in China,and with the D.suzukii harm countries(Japan and South Korea)approaches,so that D.suzukii's potential risk is more higher.Therefore,it is very important to maintain the safe and sustainable development of fruit industry in Liaoning by identifying the main pest species and occurrence regularities of D.suzukii.The study was first the main pests of blueberry were investigated,and then we investigated the occurrence and distribution of D.suzukii,at the last we studied the reproductive charateristicas of D.suzukii.The results are as follows:(1)This study investigated the occurrence of D.suzukii in Liaoning.Sentinel traps were used to monitor D.suzukii adults and suspected fruits were collected weekly in lots of different locations.The results showed that D.suzukii were distributed in the sweet soft-skinned fruits planting areas of Liaoning,Northeast China,and the host plants of D.suzukii were raspberries,blueberries and cherries.The change trend of D.suzukii adults were similar in different locations,with one capture peak and decreased to zero.The amount of D.suzukii adults captured increased to the peak at fruits rippen.(2)In this study,we investigated the overwintering situation of D.suzukii in Liaoning province,and had a preliminary probe into overwintering place and overwintering generation of D.suzukii.We collected and screened soil sample of orchard once a manth in Liaoning.Then we selected a certain number of larvae,pupae and adults from the artificial breeding in laboratory.They were placed in different habitats and cultured at different temperatures.Their activity was observed every other time to determine its cold tolerance.D.suzukii used the thin soil layer,the litter layer and the residual fruit as the overwintering place.When the temperature was lower than-15?,all the Overwintering generation of D.suzukii could not survive.(3)By comparing the effects of different drugs on Drosophila suzukii,the high efficiency and low toxicity chemicals were preliminarily selected to provide scientific basis for the actual production of the control of Drosophila suzukii.Choose 5 class 15 kinds of pesticide in laboratory artificial breeding of Drosophila suzukii adult indoor virulence determination,then screen out indoor virulence were good control effect to 4 kinds of field efficacy trials,in combination with indoor virulence test and field efficacy,prevention and control of filter can be applied to the field Drosophila suzukii fly insecticidal effect good potions.The results of indoor pesticide virulence measurement showed that,15 kinds of insecticide insecticidal effect from high to low in turn for malathion(90.00%)> cypermethrin(85.00%)> spinetoram(78.33%)> spinosad(71.67%)> pyrethrins(60.00%)=Bifenthrin(60.00%)>thiamethoxam(58.33%)> diazinon(56.67%)> methomyl(55.00%)> azadirachtin(53.33%)> fenpropathrin(48.33%)> esfenvalerare(43.33%)> carbaryl(36.67%)>acetamiprid(35.00%)> phosemet(18.33%).The results showed that malathion had the best effect in the field and its effect lasted for a long time.Malathion has the best control effect on adult of Drosophila suzukii,and it is recommended to be used in field control of Drosophila suzukii.(4)In this study,we selected five kinds of formulations and two kinds of structures of trap.And the traps were randomly placed in the raspberry orchard,the number of D.suzukii in different traps were recorded.Different trapping agents have significant differences on the trapping effect of D.suzukii,the number of D.suzukii in yeast-sugar trap was the highest,which was significantly higher than other traps;the number of D.suzukii in fresh fruit trap was the least,which was significantly lower than other traps.The trapping effect of the optimized trapping device is better than the conventional trapping device.The results showed that there are many factors that can affect the trapping effect of D.suzukii,such as the trapping agent,the color of the traps and suspended sticky board.The trapping device with yeast-sugar trapping agent has the best trapping effect.(5)Drosophila suzukii is becoming a world-wide serious pest.It is a highly polyphagous pest,mainly causing damages to soft fruits.The sensilla on the antennae were observed by scanning electron microscope technology.The results showed that there were three types of sensilla on flagellum of the antennae,including sensilla basiconica,sensilla coeloconica and sensilla trichodea.Sexual dimorphism in structure,distribution and numbers of the other sensilla was not observed.Large and small subtypes of sensilla basiconica were further distinguished.A number of large horizontal bar-shaped pores were distributed on the surface of large sensilla basiconica,while numerous small pores on the surface of small sensilla basiconica.Large sensilla basiconica,a unique type of sensillum not yet observed in other Drosophila species,was only distributed on the flagellum of D.suzukii.It might be evolved as a specific type of sensillum for D.suzukii to smell volatiles emitted by healthy and fresh fruits.(6)A certain number of female and male adults were selected from indoor cultured insect sources to determine the effects of different kinds of fruits with different maturity on the chemotaxis of D.suzukii,and then odor collection and analysis of odor components were carried out.By measuring the effects of different kinds of fruits with different maturity on the taxis of D.suzukii,it was found that the effects of fresh fruits with different maturity on the taxis of D.suzukii were in the order of overmaturity > maturity > immaturity.The effects of different host plants on the taxis of D.suzukii were grape > raspberry > bayberry > blueberry >cherry > strawberry.A total of 36 aroma compounds were detected in four host plants of D.suzukii in Liaoning,namely grape,raspberry,blueberry and cherry.The volatiles from overripe blueberries,raspberries,grapes and cherries had the greatest influence on the taxis of D.suzukii.Ethanol,1-ethyl-1-hexanol and phenol in blueberry,benzaldehyde,alpha-pinene and alpha-ionone in raspberry,trans-2-hexenal,hexanal and ethyl acetate in grape,and benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol and ethyl acetate in cherry were more than 15%.Because the material of this study is only a part of the fruit,excluding the influence of fruit shape,size,peel,villus and other related factors.At the same time,this study only carried out preliminary experiments on the chemotaxis of different kinds of fruit with different maturity to D.suzukii,and analyzed the related chemical constituents of volatile substances in host plants,and which specific chemical constituents were involved.The mechanism of oviposition selectivity of D.suzukii needs further study. |
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