Study On The Ancient Tibetan Medicine Exchange Channel

This paper sorts out the history of exchanges between ancient Tibetan medicine and other surrounding medicines,based on Tibetan medical history literature and academic achievements.On the basis of relevant research results at domestic and abroad,the main focus is on the process of interactions between Tubo Medicine,Shangshugn,Greece,India,Nepal,Central Plains and Western Regions from medical theory and practice.Through the study of the history of communication,it is found that these areas also trade in medicinal materials through inter-regional channels.Therefore,based on the study of the history of Tibetan medicine,this paper makes a detailed analysis of medical theory communication,channel communication,medicinal materials exchange,and attempts to demonstrate and reconstruct a more realistic disciplinary history of Tibetan medicine.The first chapter explores the origins of Tibetan medicine.History and archaeology have confirmed that the Paleolithic people of about 50,000 years ago have discovered the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Today,with the development of science,technology and archaeology,Tibet's Dingri,Qiangtang,Karuo,Qinghai Yushu,Jiangla and other sites have discovered many relics.The unearthed cultural relics have confirmed that the ancestors who lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau about 5,000 years ago have mastered in the use of bone needles and bone cones to pus and bloodletting.In the process of researching various diseases,they constantly experimented with various animals and plants in nature for medicinal experiments,and accumulated rich medical experiences.Gradually formed the original Tibetan medical knowledge.While removing physical illnesses,they have also accumulated experiences in removing psychological pain through the wizard,divination,medical surgery,five-line calendar,and funeral ceremonies.After the inheritance and development of the medical theory and practice of the founder of Bon religion.Mivoche,Shepo Chishe collected the folk medical experiences of the ancestors and combined with many years of his own experience in medical practice,and eventually he accomplished the first Tibetan medical theory book successfully.The second chapter studies the relationship between Tibetan medicine and Western medicine,which is dominated by ancient Persian.Tibetan medical history and classic literature clearly record that Tibetan medicine has a certain connection with ancient Greek medicine.Through comparative research,it is found that the "four major theories","three causes" and "eight functions" recorded in Tibetan medicine classics have many similarities with ancient Greek medicine.By combing the theory of Tibetan medicine and the history of Tibetan medicine,it is found that Tibetan medicine theory has close ties with the surrounding places in the world,especially during the Tubo Empire period.For example,Tibetan medical theory and history researchers believe that the fire moxibustion and bloodletting methods in medical practice are subject to the influence of ancient Greek medicine,such as the trading of medicinal materials mainly composed of saffron and musk between ancient Tibetans and Persia,and the trade channel was spontaneously formed.The third chapter explores the connection between Tibetan medicine and ancient Indian medicine.According to the history of Tibetan medicine and classic literatures,Tibetan medicine theories have been influenced by ancient Indian medicine in terms of disease diagnosis and drug classification.According to the literatures,Tibetan medicine and ancient Indian medicine,which were exchanged by Nepal,began in the period of King Srung Bstan Sgampo.On the channel of exchanges between Tubo and India,Tubo exported precious animal medicine such as musk to India,and introduced six precious substances from India,also imported such as Large-scale animal flesh and other variety of raw materials,these medicinal materials are recorded in the ancient books of Tibetan medicine such as Zla Ba' Rgyal Po.At the same time,it can be seen from the "three incarnations" and other medical doctors who emerged from the Tubo period that witnessed the Indian medical traditions and works have been introduced to Tubo,which has further enriched and perfected Tibetan medicine knowledge.The fourth chapter explores the connection between Tibetan medicine and Nepal medicine.According to the report,since the Tubo Dynasty,through the channels of interactions between Tubo and Nepal,the scholars of Nepal and India were invited to Tubo.At the same time,the Tubo translators raised gold to India and Nepal to study Buddhism and other Subjects.In the 8th century AD,during the Khrisrung lDebtsan period,the Indian greast scholar Shantarakshita was invited.And the well-known scholar Atisha who was also greeted Tibet during the period of Lha-Lama Yeshevol,all of them passed through this ancient channel.Because the Tibetan area is rich in precious medicinal materials,the Tubo and Nepal channels exported musk,bear bile,gold,etc.to India and Nepal,and imported pomegranate,tig ta and other medicinal materials from Nepal.The medicinal materials traded in this channel was once popular.The fifth chapter explores the connection between Tibetan medicine and Chinese medicine.During the Tubo period,since the two Tang Dynasty princesses have been married,the cultural exchanges between the Han and the Tibetans have continued to deepen,especially the medical links are very frequent.Throughout the history of Tibetan and Chinese Medicine,along with the Sino-Tibetan exchanges,it can be seen that through the Han-Tibet communication channel,Chinese medicine has imported saffron,musk and other medicinal materials from Tibetan medicine,as well as applied the therapeutic techniques.Tibetan medicine has taken techniques of look,touch,as well as ask and six prescriptions from the Chinese medicine.The introduction of medical talents between Tibetan medicine and Chinese medicine through communication channels not only enricheed their respective medical theories,but also made their respective medical systems became more complete.The sixth chapter explores the connection between Tibetan medicine and Khrom Medicine.There are many opinions about the geographical concept of the Khrom area,but most Western scholars believe that the Khrom mainly refers to East Rome(Byzantine).According to Tibetan history and medical literatures,the Khrom refers to be the Khotan in the history of the Tibetans,that is Xinjiang province in China today.Since the Tubo Kingdom,through the different channels of communication,the medical knowledge of the Western Region or Khrom has been introduced,and the medical talents of the Western Region have been introduced to carry out the trading of medicinal materials.At the same time,the precious animal medicinal materials represented by musk and the rare botanicals represented by Cordyceps sinensis are exported to the West and the Central Plains for exchange.The last part is the conclusion of the whole thesis.