A "Political Party" Or A "Society":A Study On The Development And Reformation Of The Jiusan Society,Shanghai Division

Before the anti-Japanese War,a batch of intellectuals who concerned about the contemporary political situation created a political acdemic society,called Jiusan Society,later,which actively offered assistance to the Chinese Communist Party(CCP)to work on the Second Front during the civil war era.Jiusan Society was listed as one of the democratic parties by the new Political Consultative Conference because of the above contribution.While after the establishment of the new regime,it confronted the problem of where to go.The key of the later development of Jiusan Society is its reform under the lead of CCP.To understand that we must analyze its developing circumstance:the united front theory of CCp and its party management structure.The united front theory of CCP is a "concentric circles" theory,which origins from Confucianism.The core of this "concentric circles" theory is to judge the party's political identity according to the Class theory and practicality,thus CCP can adjust its action based on the judgement.As a result of CCP's theory application on Jiusan Society,a reform was initiated and a guideline,"Unit,Educate,Reform",was given.The Reform of Jiusan Society includes two parts:the organization's structure reform and the member's mental reform.After gave up the idea of disband,the Jiusan Society started to establish a cod,cultivate the party members' party-awareness,regulates organizational activities.To cooperate with CCP,Jiusan Society establish two principles in its organization's foundation activities:Root on foundation,based on expertise.Under this two principles,Jiusan Society was able to establish a tight connection with CCP.After the establishment of its new regime,CCP started to reform the other political parties' members based on its own reform experience.The reform was carried out in three ways:theory&events study,daily political activities,daily work.These three ways were tightly connected with one another,and they effectively achieved the goal of transformation the members of other political parties.Jiusan Society,as the reform case it is,had been identified as a "political party that supports the socialism",which is an upgrade of political identity.With its new identity,it was able to extent itself in a larger stage.On one hand,it accepts more and more members.On the other hand,it tried to fulfill its duty as a supervisor of the CCP.As Jiusan Society and other democratic parties,basing on the "long-term coexistence and mutual supervisi" political theory,attempted to fulfill their duties authorized by Political Consultative Conference,they violated the interest of CCP's fundamental organization and some political principles.As a result,the Anti-Rightists Movement was established by CCP and Jiusan Society was newly identified as "Capitalism political party" in the movement.