A Study On Adjective In Sutra Version By Zhu Fahu

Ancient Chinese adjective's research is a weak link.in the middle ancient the study result of adjectives is few.Dharmaraksa ancestral yuti i s an expert in translating buddhist scriptures,his existing translation have Eighty-five volumes,one hundred and ninety-one roll.We find the 1553 adjectives from his existing translation,and study them from multip le perspectives.The purpose of this paper is to discuss ZhuYi adjective's the following several aspects:What is the ZhuYi adjective 's semantic features?how they are categorized?What is the distinguishing feature of ZhuYi adjective syntax functions?What is the appearance in Valence aspects?What kind of specific sentence patterns of ZhuYi adjectives?Its semantic point to what?How many ZhuYi adjectives are not included"Chinese big dictionary"?What are these words'mean?We adhere to the research principle of combining meaning and form,from the perspective of cognitive semantics,the valence theory,semantic orientation,and exegetical perspective to illustrate the above problems.In the article,there are both synchronic description and diachronic comparison;there are a mix of quantity statistics and analysis of nature;there are both objective description and subjective interpretation for ZhuYi adjectives.The full text is divided into five chapters,shows ZhuYi adjective features from multiple perspectives.The following is the primary content of each chapter:The first chapter is introduction,introduce Dharmaraksha and his translation's situation,review the research's history,scope,method,the angles,the achievements and deficiency of Chinese adjective,and etc.,to determine the research method of ZhuYi adjectives.The second chapter discuss the cognitive classification system of ZhuYi adjectives.This chapter analyzes the association that ZhuYi adjectives ' semantic features,clarifies syllables form,Vocabulary structure form,grammatical differences,factors associated with semantic characteristics,and further combs the concept category hierarchy of ZhuYi adjective.From the point of category hierarchy redefine the grammar concepts of the nature and state.The qualitative concept provide a cognitive basic's basic-level category for state category,concept of state is parasitic under the concept of a category.On this basis,we have the three-tiered classified to ZhuYi adjectives.The motivation of each level division is cognitive complexity and precision of the concept.The first divided based on morphological differentiation of ZhuYi adjective's single polyphony form,division results is the nature of the state adjectives and adjectives.After the second division,the nature of adjectives are divided into pure words and complex attribute;the state adjectives are divided into the weak form words and strong words.In view of the strong,the weak form words,the third division is divided into stability state adjectives,non stability state adjectives and the weak form words.The third chapter studies adjectives valence of ZhuYi.This chapter mainly induces the syntax equipping,specific sentence pattern and semantic assembly of ZhuYi's one-valenceand and bivalent adjective.In addition,this paper discusses the dynamic reasons for the formation of the bivalent adjective.Compared with the modern Chinese adjectives valence:ZhuYi adjectives are not trivalent classes;Second,ZhuYi bivalent adjective on the total amount is less,and more focused on the state term;Third,some ZhuYi bivalent adjective can take an object directly;Four,in total,ZhuYi adjective 's complement have 13 categories,ZhuYi adjective did not the "experience" semantic case,and because they don't appear in the comparative construction sentence,also can't assign the "results" case;Five,there are nonvolitional bivalent adjective in ZhuYi,but there are not in modern Chinese.Six,the multi-valence adjectives also exist in ZhuYi.The fourth chapter expounds the semantic orientation of ZhuYi adjectives.This chapter first describes the ZhuYi adjective semantic orientation while doing the predicate.In simple predication structure,semantic orientation have wo kinds of situations:single orientation and inclusive orientation.While semantic single-oriented,it mostly point to the subject,or forward along refers to the adjacent,or backward refers to adjacent.when Dynamic bivalent adjective semantic is single-oriented,mostly inverse refers to an object.The bivalent adjective's semantic refer to the subject and the object.In complex predication structure,semantic orientation have three conditions:First,semantic point to the subject of subordinate structure and predication structure;Secondly,the semantic forward adjacent refer to the subject of subordinate structure;Third,semantic forward remote refer to the sharing subject of subordinate structure and direct predication structure.The second and third case belong to semantic single-oriented.Semantic inclusive orientation not only has the bivalent adjective,some one-valenceand ZhuYi adjectives in complex predication also can inclusive oriented.in the Dynamic bivalent adjective's semantic inclusive orientation mostly happen on complex predication which is on behalf of comparative righteousness.Secondly,this chapter expounds the semantic orientation of ZhuYi adjectives as attributive,adverbial,complement.The article points out:The determinants of the semantic,syntactic position and semantic class the three associated model is adjective semantic classes;"Semantics homogeneous orientation " is because syntactic structure is match with the adjectives' dependent properties,"semantic heterogeneous orientation"is because syntax structure isn't match with.And the adjectives'dependent properties is determined by the adjectives' cognitive domain(or semantic class).The fifth chapter test and interpret amount of uncollected adjectives in ZhuYi by "Chinese dictionary".According to our statistics,in ZhuYi corpus,there are altogether 123 adjectives not included in "Chinese dictionary",and about 7.92 percent of ZhuYi adjectives.These adjectives are mainly concentrated in the state adjectives,and mostly is the newly developed polyphony adjectives.Among it,there are altogether 27 strong state adjective.Those strong state adjectives contain 2 words of stability and 25 words of non-stability;There are 96 weak state adjectives.Those weak state adjectives contain 18 words of stability and 78 words of non-stability.